Transfer Of Learning Flashcards
What are the types of transfer?
Positive
Negative
Bilateral
Zero
What is positive transfer?
When the learning of one skill helps with the learning of another.
What is negative transfer?
When the learning of one skill hinders the learning of another.
What is zero transfer?
When the learning of one skill has no impact on the learning of another.
What is bilateral transfer?
When the learning of one skill is passed across the body from limb to limb.
What is an example of positive transfer?
Similar arm actions of the overarm volleyball serve and the tennis serve
Similar actions of a basketball pass and a netball pass.
What is an example of negative transfer?
Action of the tennis serve uses the arm; the wrist action of the badminton serve is different.
What is an example of zero transfer?
The swimming arm action and the foot placement in rock climbing having nothing in common
What is an example of bilateral transfer?
A right footed footballer would be encouraged to use the left foot when required, so the impact of a shot from the left foot becomes equal to the impact of a shot with the right foot.
What is transfer?
The effect of the learning and performance of one skill on the learning and performance of another.
When does positive transfer happen?
When two skills have a similar shape and form - the actions of the two skills are similar so that the movements of one skill help the action of the other.
When does negative transfer happen?
When there might be some familiarity with the environment in which the two skills are performed and this familiarity may cause confusion when the actions of the two skill are not the same.
How do you ensure positive transfer?
- Hinder learning - identify the elements of the skill that may hinder learning.
- Aware of transfer potential - coach highlights elements of skills that are similar.
- Motivated - ensure learners are motivated
- Planned progression - teach the skills in a progressive way to avoid overload of informing.
- Environment is realistic - make practice sessions realistic/relevant to the competitive environment
- Reinforcement - will encourage transfer.
How do you prevent negative transfer?
- Avoid teaching conflicting skills closed together
- Focus on new elements - attention drawn to aspects that may cause negative transfer.
- Requirements - ensure the performer understands tasks requirements.
- Original task is well learned - previous skills/tasks need to be well learned before moving on.
