Methods Of Presenting Practice Flashcards
What are the ways of presenting skills?
Whole practice
Whole-part-whole practice
Progressive part
What is whole practice?
Practising the skill in its entirety.
When is whole practice used?
When the skill is: Fast, Closed, Discrete, Self-paced, Simple, High organised
The feel (kinaesthesis) of the whole task is required
The performer is fit, motivated and experienced (autonomous)
Safe environment
Links between the sub-routines need to be maintained.
What are the advantages of whole practice?
Fluency - feel of the whole skill Develops kinesthesis or understanding Keeps links between sub-routines. Helps make the skill consistent More realistic - helps produce the effect of positive transfer.
What are the disadvantages of whole practice?
Too much information
Beyond the capabilities of performer
Not for beginners (cognitive)
Possible fatigue
What is an example of whole practice?
A golf swing performed by an experienced player because it is discrete a, fast and quick and hard to break into parts.
What is whole-part-whole practice?
Assessing the skill, identifying a weakness to practice, then putting the skill back together.
When is whole-part-whole practice used?
Complex, fast/ballistic, high-organisation
Performer has specific weakness
Safe environment
What are the advantages of whole-part-whole practice?
Shows weakness
Corrects errors and allows the secreted part to be integrated successfully into the whole action, therefore improving performance.
Provides immediate feedback
Can provide motivation when success is achieved when a long standing weakness is corrected.
Maintains the feel from the whole skill and the transition between each part of it.
Fluency and integration is maintained
What are the disadvantages of whole-part-whole practice?
Time consuming.
Some skills cant be broken down.
Could produce negative transfer effects unless the coach integrates the part back into the whole skill during the same training session.
What is progressive part practice?
Practicing the first part of the skill then adding parts gradually (sometimes called chaining).
What is an example of whole-part-whole practice?
A fairly experienced volleyball player who has a problem with the spike: the whole action can be looked at and then a specific issue with the arm actions is identified and corrected.
What is chaining?
Linking sub-routines, or parts of a task, together in order when practicing. The first two parts are learned, then the third part is added; that part is learned and added to the first two, and so on.
When is progressive part practice used?
Skill is complex, serial, externally paced and low organised.
Performer - beginner, low ability/ fitness/ motivation.
Dangerous environments
What are the advantages of progressive part practice?
Keeps links between parts Stages of success gives motivation Reduces danger Reduces fatigue Reduces demands Focus on weakness/ one part of task Can build understanding and confidence
What are the disadvantages of progressive part practice?
Time consuming
If the first part is incorrect, all is lost
Negative transfer between each sequence of the skill so each part of the skill must be learnt well.
Might neglect the feeling of the whole task/ links between sub routines
What is an example of progressive part practice?
A dance routine.
The first part of the routine is taught first and the second part is added on, and so on, until the sequence is complete.
What needs to be considered before leading a practice session?
Task
Performer
Environment
What is meant by task?
Difficulty Time consumption Type of skill - open/closed, etc. Type of presentation - progressive part, etc. Equipment Number of people
What is meant by performer?
Skill level - cognitive, etc Motivation level Fitness levels Age Gender Disability
What is meant by environment?
Danger level
Amount of space
Available equipment
Facilities
