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BIO 109 Final > Transcription, Translation & viruses (15&27) > Flashcards

Transcription, Translation & viruses (15&27) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

transcription

A

making mRNA from DNA

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2
Q

RNA polymerase

A

enzyme that makes RNA

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3
Q

translation

A

making proteins from mRNA

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4
Q

ribosome

A

organelle that makes proteins

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5
Q

codon

A

sequence of 3 nucleotides in mRNA

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6
Q

anticodon

A

sequence of 3 nucleotides in tRNA

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7
Q

intron

A

sequence of mRNA which is removed

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8
Q

exon

A

sequence of mRNA which codes for protein

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9
Q

explain transcription

A
  • RNA polymerase reads template DNA
  • t in DNA replaced by U in mRNA
  • produces single stranded mRNA molecule
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10
Q

explain translation

A
  • ribosomes read mRNA codons, attach complementary tRNA anticodon
  • tRNA have attached amino acid
  • dehydration synthesis -> peptide
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11
Q

explain translation

A
  • ribosomes read mRNA codons, attach complementary tRNA anticodon
  • tRNA have attached amino acid
  • dehydration synthesis -> peptide
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12
Q

transcription factors

A
  • activate transcription
  • attract mRNA to polymerase to specific gene
  • starts mRNA synthesis
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13
Q

differential gene expression

A

transcription factors control gene expression

  • adjust to environment (summer & winter fur colors)
  • developmental changed (metamorphosis)
  • maintain homeostasis (insulin production)
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14
Q

ribosomes

A

found in all cells

-perform translation

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15
Q

codon

A

block of 3 nucleotides in mRNA

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16
Q

anticodon

A

block of 3 nucleotides in tRNA

-corresponds to specific amino acid

17
Q

point mutation

A

substitution of amino acid

  • silent=same aa
  • missense=different aa
  • nonsense=stop codon
18
Q

frameshift mutation

A

addition or deletion of amino acid

-all downstream codons changed

19
Q

capsid

A

protein shell of a virus

20
Q

retrovirus

A

reverse transcribes own RNA into DNA

21
Q

lytic cycle

A

new virus is made and released from host cell

22
Q

lysogenic cycle

A

viral DNA is incorporated into host cell genome

23
Q

viral structure

A

-nucleic acid surrounded by protein

24
Q

examples of DNA viruses

A

smallpox & chickenpox

25
Q

RNA viruses examples

A

influenza and polio

26
Q

retroviruses

A

turn RNA into DNA ex: HIV

27
Q

how do viruses reproduce

A

they only reproduce inside the host cell

-uses the hosts cell transcription and translation mechanisms

28
Q

lytic cycle

A

LEARN IT THROUGH VIDEOS

29
Q

lysogenic cyce

A

LEARN IT IN A VIDEO

30
Q

cellular responses to viruses

A

-the dendritic cells and an antigen activate the T cells

31
Q

cytotoxic t cells

A

kill infected cells

32
Q

memory t cells

A

remember the virus

33
Q

helper t cells

A

release cytoknes, attract and activate B-cells

34
Q

what is the humoral response to viruses

A

B-cells secrete plasma cells

  • they secrete antibodies that bind to antigens
  • they degrade the virons

BIO 109 Final (11 decks)

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