Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO 109 Final > Cell Structure (4&28) > Flashcards

Cell Structure (4&28) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

cytoplasm

A

fluid inside the cell (cytosol + solutes)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

eukaryote

A

cell with nucleus and internal membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

prokaryote

A

cell with no nucleus or internal membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

peptidoglycan

A

protein in bacterial cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

gram positive bacteria

A

easily defeated by antibiotics due to peptidoglycan wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

gram negative bacteria

A

not easily defeated by antibiotics due to lack of peptidoglycan wall

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

plasmid

A

molecule of DNA which is not part of a chromosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

organelle

A

structure inside cell with a specific function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

cell theory

A
  1. all organisms are composed of cells
  2. cells are the smallest living things
  3. cells only made from other cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 3 domains

A

bacteria, archaea and eukarya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

why is cell size limited

A

they rely on diffusion to move materials and diffusion is only quick over short distances.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

according to ficks law of diffusion what is the speed of diffusion affected by

A
  1. distance (thickness of membrane)
  2. concentration gradient
  3. surface area
  4. membrane permeability
  5. temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are 4 things all cells have

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
DNA
Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

4 classifications of eukaryotes

A

protists
plants
animals
fungi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

2 classifications of prokaryotes

A

archaea

bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

do eukaryotes or prokaryotes have internal membranes

A

eukaryotes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

characteristics of prokaryotes

A
  • unicellular
  • small
  • genome is one loop of double stranded DNA
  • cell division done by binary fission
  • evolve within a generation
  • no internal compartments
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

conjugation (prokaryotic evolution)

A

cell to cell contact via plasmids

19
Q

transduction (prokaryotic evolution)

A

made by mistakes in the lysogenic cycle

20
Q

transformation (prokaryotic evolution)

A

picking up DNA from the environment

21
Q

bacteria vs archaea plasma membrane

A

bacteria have ester bonds

archaea have ether bonds

22
Q

bacteria vs archaea cell wall

A

bacteria have peptidoglycan

cell wall has aa’s and carbs

23
Q

bacteria vs archaea gene expression

A

archaea= eukaryotes

bacteria=different ribosomes and codons

24
Q

Archaeal diversity crenarchaeota

A

extreme temperatures or PH

25
Q

Archaeal diversity euryarchaeota

A

methanogens & halophiles

26
Q

Archaeal diversity korarchaeota

A

everything else

27
Q

Bacterial diversity bacillus

A

rod shaped

28
Q

Bacterial diversity coccus

A

spherical

29
Q

Bacterial diversity spirillum

A

spiral shaped

30
Q

cytoskeleton

A
  • protein fibers
  • -determines shape
  • keep organelles in same spot
  • moves vesicles
31
Q

endomembrane system

A

series of membranes within cell

  • divides cell
  • major difference between proks and euks
32
Q

vesicles

A

isolate material from the rest of the cell

33
Q

nucleus

A

stores DNA

34
Q

nucleuoles

A

region where rRNA for ribosomes are made

35
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

RER- ribosomes to make proteins

SER- synthesis for carbs, lipid and steroids

36
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

stack of membranes

-protein folding

37
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

stack of membranes

-protein folding

38
Q

mitochondria

A

inner membrane folded for surface area

-has enzymes that carry out aerobic respiration

39
Q

chloroplasts

A
  • thylakoids (inner membranes) -

- contain chlorophyll

40
Q

Extracellular Matrix

A

animal cells don’t have cell walls

-secrete glycoproteins as a protective layer

41
Q

tight junction (cell connections)`

A

connected plasma membrane

42
Q

desmosome (cell connections)

A

connected cytoskeletons

43
Q

Gap junction (cell connections)

A

pore for chemical signals

BIO 109 Final (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions