Somatic cell cycle

Question 1

RNA Primase

Answer 1

Enzyme that makes Rna primers

Question 2

DNA polymerase

Answer 2

enzyme that makes new DNA strands

Question 3

Leading Strand

Answer 3

new DNA strand, made in 1 piece

Question 4

Lagging Strand

Answer 4

new DNA strand, made in fragments

Question 5

chromosome

Answer 5

entire double helix DNA

Question 6

Karyotype

Answer 6

number of chromosomes in a cell

Question 7

Chromatid

Answer 7

identical copy of a chromosome

Question 8

What is the cell cycle

Answer 8

G1, S, G2, M, C

Question 9

G1 Phase

Answer 9

DNA Packaging

Question 10

Synthesis phase

Answer 10

replication of DNA

Question 11

G2

Answer 11

replication of organelles

Question 12

Mitosis

Answer 12

separation of chromatids

Question 13

Cytokinesis

Answer 13

separation of cells

Question 14

how many homologous pairs are in a human

Answer 14

23

Question 15

whats the human karyotype

Answer 15

46

Question 16

what is a replisome

Answer 16

all the enzymes involved in DNA replication

Question 17

leading strand synthesis

Answer 17

continuous synthesis

• whole strand extended by
• 1 rna primer removed and replaced by DNA
• DNA ligase seals backbone of new strand

Question 18

lagging strand synthesis

Answer 18

discontinuous synthesis

• many okazaki fragments extended by DNA polymerase
• Manr RNA primers removed and replaced by DNA

Question 19

DNA Repair

Answer 19

errors made during S phase

fixed by specific or nonspecific repair mechanisms

Question 20

Photorepair

Answer 20

Damage from UV light

-photolyase absorbs rest of light and breaks thymine dimer

Question 21

excision repair

Answer 21

• a non specific repair mechanism
• damaged region is removed
• replaced by DNA synthesis

Question 22

end of S phase

Answer 22

kayotype is doubled

• 2 identical dna fibers
• held together by proteins at the centromere

Question 23

after S phase

Answer 23

replicates centrioles
-condensing chromosomes
once visible- M phase

Question 24

The five phases of mitosis

Answer 24

1. prophase
2. prometaphase
3. metaphase
4. anaphase
5. telophase

Question 25

prophase

Answer 25

chromosomes become slightly visible

• centrioles move to opposite poles forming spindle apparatus
• nuclear membrane starts to break down

Question 26

prometaphase

Answer 26

centrioles connect to kinetochore

-chromosomes begin to move to the center of the cell

Question 27

metaphase

Answer 27

chromosomes align along the center plate

Question 28

anaphase

Answer 28

chromosomes split at centromere

-sister chromatids pulled to opposite poles

Question 29

telophase

Answer 29

nuclear membrane reforms

• chromosomes begin to uncoil
• chromatids are on opposite sides

Question 30

cytokinesis

Answer 30

cleave furrow appears

-cell begins to split in half

Question 31

g1/s checkpoint

Answer 31

cell decides to divide

Question 32

g2/m checkpoint

Answer 32

asses success of DNA replication

checks to see if there is enough for 2 cells

Question 33

late metaphase checkpoint

Answer 33

checks to ensure all chromosomes are attached to their spindle
-did everything go to the right cell?

Question 34

Proto-onco Genes

Answer 34

controls normal cell

protein that can be stuck in “on” mode for uncontrolled cell division

Question 35

tumor-supressor genes

Answer 35

defense against proto-onco

ensures it makes the correct amount of cells

Question 36

apoptosis

Answer 36

programmed cell death

Question 37

necrosis

Answer 37

accidental cell death