Population genetics and speciation Flashcards
population
group of organisms, of same species that can breed with each other
evolution
change in population over time
gene flow
movement of alleles between populations
genetic drift
random changes in allele frequencies
fixation
entire population how homozygous for same allele
selection
pressure favoring particular alleles in a population
fitness
relative success in producing offspring
mutation (5 agents of evolutionary change)
if the mutation is more fit it will pass on its genes
gene flow (5 agents of evolutionary change)
alleles move from one pop to another
non-random mating (5 agents of evolutionary change)
mating randomly
assortative mating
similar phenotypes mate
increase in homozygotes
dissassortative mating
different phenotypes mate
increase in heterozygous
genetic drift (5 agents of evolutionary change)
allele frequency changes by chance
bottleneck effect
repopulate from small population
founder effect
subset of population colonize new habitat
Selection (5 agents of evolutionary change)
some individuals have more surviving offspring
fitness
1 phenotype leaves more surviving offspring
negative frequency dependent selection
favors rare form-> not what predators are looking for
positive frequency dependent selection
favors cmmon form -> oddballs stand out
intraspecies selection
game theory
divergent evolution
different groups develop within a population
convergent evolution
different populations start to look similar
species
organisms that mate in the wild and produce fertile offspring
sympatric species
different species that live in the same habitat
sympatric speciation
2 different species evolve within the same habitat
allpatric speciation
2 different species evolve in 2 different habitats
geographic (isolation)
can’t physically interact
ecological (isolation)
use different parts of the environment
temporal (isolation)
separated in time
behavorial (isolation)
courtship/attraction is inviable
mechanical (isolation)
reproductive structures are incompatible
prevention of gamete fusion (isolation)
gametes are incompatible
