Chemical foundations of biology (2&4) Flashcards
element
a substance which cannot be broken down into other substances
Mass
physical quantity of a substance
molecule
a group of atoms bonded together
compound
containing 2 or more elements
polar
molecule with a partial electric charge (doesn’t like sharing electrons)
non-polar
molecule or atom with no electrical charge (likes sharing electrons)
protons
positive charge, located in nucleus
neutrons
no charge, located in nucleus
electrons
negative charge, found in orbitals around the nucleus
when do atoms have no charge
when the electrons=protons
when do ion have a charge
when the electrons don’t equal the protons
cation
protons > electrons = positive net charge
anion
electrons > protons= negative net charge
OIL RIG
oxidation is loss of electron (and energy) +
reduction is gaining an electron (and energy) -
what kind of bonds hold the molecules of a compound together
chemical bonds
Consider water (H2O) and nitrogen gas (N2); which of the following is correct?
- both are molecules because they’re both more than one atom
- water is a compound because it has 2 different atoms
ionic bonds
- attraction of oppositely charged ions
- strongest type of bond
covalent bonds
form when atoms share electrons
- number of protons = electrons
- strength depends on number of shared electrons
nonpolar covalent bonds
equal sharing of electrons
polar covalent bonds
unequal sharing of electrons
what can influence chemical reactions
temp
concentration of substrates and products
catalysts
what kind of bond is water
hydrogen bond=weak attraction between molecules
Cohesion (properties of water)
water molecules stick together (surface tension)
Adhesion (properties of water)
water molecules stick to other polar molecules
