Cell Membranes ( 5&9)

Question 1

passive transport

Answer 1

energy comes from concentration gradient

Question 2

active transport

Answer 2

energy comes from breaking ATP

Question 3

solvent

Answer 3

substance which dissolves another

Question 4

solute

Answer 4

substance which dissolved within another

Question 5

equilibrium

Answer 5

identical solute concentrations in all regions

Question 6

osmosis

Answer 6

net movement of solvent to create equilibrium

Question 7

diffusion

Answer 7

net movement of solute to create equilibrium

Question 8

phospholipids

Answer 8

2 fatty acids- NP & hydrophobic

1 phosphate group - P & Hydrophilic

Question 9

1 way membranes change

Answer 9

layers are fluid

-individual phosphates move within membrane

Question 10

another way membranes can change

Answer 10

cholesterol content

• disrupts action between phospholipids
• fills gap between phospholipids to make it less permeable

Question 11

one more way membranes can change

Answer 11

fatty acid structure

• saturated fatty acids fit tightly together
• unsaturated fatty acids don’t fit well because the kinks make spaces

Question 12

what happens to membranes when it gets too hot

Answer 12

it becomes too liquid and you need to increase sat fatty acids and decrease cholesterol

Question 13

what happens to membranes when it gets too cold

Answer 13

it becomes too solid and you need to increase unsat fatty acids and increase cholesterol

Question 14

simple diffusionn

Answer 14

small NP- easy
large NP- limited
small p- limited
large p- very limited

Question 15

facilitated diffusion

Answer 15

membrane proteins allow diffusion of small polar molecules

-passive process

Question 16

channel proteins

Answer 16

hydrophillic tunnel

Question 17

carrier protiens

Answer 17

revolving door

Question 18

sodium-potassium punp

Answer 18

3 NA out
2 K in
both against concentratin gradient

Question 19

bulk transport

Answer 19

moving stuff too big for carrier proteins

Question 20

pinocytosis (bulk transport)

Answer 20

cell takes in fluid and dissolved solutes

Question 21

phagocytosis (bulk transport)

Answer 21

cell takes in large particulate matter

Question 22

receptor mediated endocytosis

Answer 22

specific molecules are taken in after binding to a receptor protein

Question 23

exocytosis

Answer 23

cytoskeleton moves material out of the cell

Question 24

ligand

Answer 24

signaling molecule released by a cell

Question 25

receptor

Answer 25

a protein which specific ligands bind to

Question 26

signal transduction

Answer 26

cellular response once receptor binds to lingand

Question 27

negative feedback

Answer 27

response that counteracts a stimulus

Question 28

positive feedback

Answer 28

response that intensifies a stimulus

Question 29

paracrine signaling

Answer 29

binds to receptors

• affects neighboring cell
• moves from receptor to receptor

Question 30

neural signaling

Answer 30

nerve cells release a signal

-diffuses across a synapse

Question 31

endocrine signaling

Answer 31

signal released into circulatory system
-travels throughout the entire body
-

Question 32

where are receptor proteins found

Answer 32

intercellular receptor- within the cell

membrane receptor-in the cell membrane

Question 33

sensor

Answer 33

detects a change in conditions

Question 34

integrator

Answer 34

interprets signal

Question 35

effector

Answer 35

produces a response