Transcription & Translation Flashcards
Define Codon
A DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides that forms a unit of genomic information encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the termination of protein synthesis
Define Anticodon
A sequence of three nucleotides in transfer RNA that binds to a corresponding codon and designates a specific amino acid
Define Translation
the process through which information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) directs the addition of amino acids during protein
Define Stop Codon
a sequence of three nucleotides in DNA or messenger RNA (mRNA) that signals a halt to protein synthesis in the cell.
Define Start Codon
the first codon of a messenger RNA (mRNA) transcript translated by a ribosome.
Define Positive Transcription Factor
Controls the differential expression of two 5S RNA genes. Cell.
Define Negative Transcription Factor
Prevents transcription of certain pieces of DNA
Define Affinity
The strength of the binding interaction between a single biomolecule to its ligand or binding partner.
Define Mutation
Any change in the DNA sequence of a cell.
What does mRNA do?
Carries protein information from the DNA in a cell’s nucleus to the cell’s cytoplasm, where the protein-making machinery reads the mRNA sequence and translates each three-base codon into its corresponding amino acid in a growing protein chain.
What does tRNA do?
Transfers an amino acid to the growing chain of amino acids being created in the ribosome.
What does rRNA do?
Reads the order of amino acids and linking amino acids together
