Transcription and Translation Flashcards
Transcription
The process of making an RNA copy of a gene’s DNA sequence
RNA Polymerase
An enzyme that is responsible for copying a DNA sequence into RNA
Coding Strand
The DNA strand whose base sequence is identical to the base sequence of the RNA transcript produced
runs 5’-3’
Template Strand
The non-coding strand
runs 3’-5’
Gene Expression
the information encoded in a gene is used to direct the synthesis of a protein
Translation
the information of mRNA is decoded into a sequence of amino acids
Anticodon
A sequence of three nucleotides in tRNA that binds to a corresponding codon and designates a specific amino acid
Degeneration Code (redundancy)
Multiple codons or sets of three nucleotides can code for the same amino acid during protein synthesis
Point Mutation
Occurs in a genome when a nucleotide base is added, deleted, or changed
Promoter
a specific sequence of nucleotides located at the start of a gene, where RNA polymerase binds to initiate the process of trnscription
Telomeres
Nucleotide sequences near the end of the chromosomes that protect the coding sequence of DNA from erosion
occasionally from stress or anxiety
Post-Translational Modification (PTM)
Changes that occur to a newly transcribed mRNA
Cleave/Splice
An editing process which includes removing the introns, leaving only exons
Alternative Splicing
A cellular process in which exons from the same gene are joined in different combinations, leading to different mRNA transcripts
5’ Cap
A specifically altered nucleotide on the 5’ end of some primary transcripts
mRNA
