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IB Biology - Fall Semester > Nucleic Acid (Biomolecules) > Flashcards

Nucleic Acid (Biomolecules) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is nucleic acid?

A

Large biomolecules that play essential roles in cells and viruses (DNA and RNA)

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2
Q

What is genetic code?

A

The instructions contained in a gene that tell a cell how to make a specific protein

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3
Q

What is DNA?

A

The genetic material for all living organisms (a nucleic acid)

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4
Q

What is RNA?

A

A polymer of nucleotides

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5
Q

What are nucleotides?

A

Organic molecules composed of a nitrogenous base, a pentose sugar and a phosphate.

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6
Q

What is a nitrogenous base?

A

A carbon ring structure found in DNA or RNA that contains one or more atoms of nitrogen

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7
Q

Name the 3 pyrimidines (nitrogenous bases)

A

Cytosine, Thymine, and Uracil

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8
Q

Name the two purines (nitrogenous bases)

A

Adenine and Guanine

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9
Q

How are polynucleotides formed?

A

When nucleotides combine to form a nucleic acid, or a polynucleotide

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10
Q

What’s a codon?

A

Three nitrogenous bases bonded together
- One codon encodes to one amino acid

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11
Q

What is mRNA?

A

The messenger RNA
-formed through transcription

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12
Q

What is tRNA?

A

The transfer RNA

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13
Q

What is rRNA?

A

Ribosomal RNA

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14
Q

What is a phosphodiester bond?

A

The covalent linkage between the phosphate and hydroxyl (OH) group of a nucleotide (3’-5’ bond)

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15
Q

What is a gene?

A

One’s genetic material
- a piece of DNA that encodes for a protein

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16
Q

What is an allele?

A

Different versions of the same gene

17
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Length of DNA that carries specific genes in a linear sequence

18
Q

What does locus mean in biological terms?

A

A term used to tell where on a chromosome a specific gene is

19
Q

What is a homologous chromosome?

A

Pairs of chromosomes, one from each parent that carry the same regions of DNA

20
Q

Can homologous chromosomes carry different alleles?

A

Yes

21
Q

What is the genome?

A

The entire genetic information of an organism or cell

22
Q

What happens in genetic mutations?

A

Changes to the DNA can occur and get passed down through generations

23
Q

What happens in conserved sequences?

A

The DNA makes few to no changes over generations

24
Q

What is a nucleosome?

A

A section of DNA that is wrapped around a core of proteins

25
Q

What is a histone?

A

A protein that provides structural support for a chromosome

26
Q

What are non-histone chromosomal proteins?

A

Those proteins which remain after the histones have been removed

27
Q

What is a bacteriophage?

A

Viruses that infect and replicate only in bacterial cells

IB Biology - Fall Semester (5 decks)

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