Enzymes Flashcards

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1
Q

Enzyme

A

proteins that allows chemical reactions to happen at biologically relevant rates

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2
Q

Catalyst

A

a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction

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3
Q

Anabolism

A

a biochemical process in metabolism where the simple molecules combine to generate complex molecules

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4
Q

Catabolism

A

the breakdown of a larger, more complex molecules into smaller molecules

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5
Q

Substrate

A

starting material that an enzyme reacts with

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6
Q

Product

A

what the substrate is converted into

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7
Q

Enzyme-Substrate Complex

A

temporary structure formed when substrate binds to active site of an enzyme

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8
Q

Active Site

A

the part of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and a chemical reaction takes place

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9
Q

Induced Fit

A

the process by which a substrate binds to an active site and alters the shape of the active site

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10
Q

Immobilized Enzyme

A

enzymes physically confined or localized in a certain defined region of space with retention of their catalytic activities, and which can be used repeatedly and continuously

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11
Q

Activation Energy

A

the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction

Enzymes lower this so reactions happen faster

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12
Q

Extracellular Enzyme

A

an enzyme secreted by a cell that functions outside of the cell

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13
Q

Intracellular Enzyme

A

an enzyme that functions with the cell that produced it

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14
Q

Linear Metabolic Pathway

A

enzyme catalyzed reactions that run in one direction from reactant to product

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15
Q

Cyclic Metabolic Pathway

A

enzyme catalyzed reactions where there is no end of the series

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16
Q

Metabolic Pathway

A

sequence of enzyme catalyzed biochemical reactions in cells and tissues

17
Q

Enzyme Inhibitor

A

a substance that slows down or blocks enzyme action

Competative and Non-Competative Inhibitors

18
Q

Competitive Inhibitor

A

a substance that binds to the active site and slows or blocks enzyme action

19
Q

Non-competitive Inhibitor

A

a substance that binds to a different site (than the active site) and slows or blocks enzyme action

20
Q

Allosteric Regulator

A

molecules that change the shape and activity of an enzyme by reversibly binding at a site on the enzyme other than the active site

21
Q

Statin

A

reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver and helping the liver remove cholesterol that is already in the blood

22
Q

End-Product Inhibition

A

when the final product inhibits an enzyme involved in the initial reactions

23
Q

Mechanism-based Inhibition

A

an irreversible form of enzyme inhibition that occurs when an enzyme binds a substrate analog and forms an irreversible complex with it through a covalent bond during the “normal” catalysis reaction