Enzymes Flashcards
Enzyme
proteins that allows chemical reactions to happen at biologically relevant rates
Catalyst
a substance that speeds up a chemical reaction
Anabolism
a biochemical process in metabolism where the simple molecules combine to generate complex molecules
Catabolism
the breakdown of a larger, more complex molecules into smaller molecules
Substrate
starting material that an enzyme reacts with
Product
what the substrate is converted into
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
temporary structure formed when substrate binds to active site of an enzyme
Active Site
the part of the enzyme where substrate molecules bind and a chemical reaction takes place
Induced Fit
the process by which a substrate binds to an active site and alters the shape of the active site
Immobilized Enzyme
enzymes physically confined or localized in a certain defined region of space with retention of their catalytic activities, and which can be used repeatedly and continuously
Activation Energy
the minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
Enzymes lower this so reactions happen faster
Extracellular Enzyme
an enzyme secreted by a cell that functions outside of the cell
Intracellular Enzyme
an enzyme that functions with the cell that produced it
Linear Metabolic Pathway
enzyme catalyzed reactions that run in one direction from reactant to product
Cyclic Metabolic Pathway
enzyme catalyzed reactions where there is no end of the series
Metabolic Pathway
sequence of enzyme catalyzed biochemical reactions in cells and tissues
Enzyme Inhibitor
a substance that slows down or blocks enzyme action
Competative and Non-Competative Inhibitors
Competitive Inhibitor
a substance that binds to the active site and slows or blocks enzyme action
Non-competitive Inhibitor
a substance that binds to a different site (than the active site) and slows or blocks enzyme action
Allosteric Regulator
molecules that change the shape and activity of an enzyme by reversibly binding at a site on the enzyme other than the active site
Statin
reducing the amount of cholesterol made by the liver and helping the liver remove cholesterol that is already in the blood
End-Product Inhibition
when the final product inhibits an enzyme involved in the initial reactions
Mechanism-based Inhibition
an irreversible form of enzyme inhibition
