DNA Replication Flashcards
DNA Replication
the process by which the genome’s DNA is copied in cells
Semi-Conservative Replication
after one round of replication, every new DNA double helix will be a hybrid that consists of one strand of old DNA
Helicase
an enzyme that separates the DNA strands by breaking the hydrogen bonds
DNA Polymerase
the enzyme that reads and replicates DNA (reads 5’-3’) and creates the leading strand
Primase
an enzyme that synthesizes short RNA sequences called primers
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
a laboratory method used to make many copies of a specific piece of DNA from a sample
Taq Polymerase
is essentially the same as DNA Polymerase, but can withstand high temperatures
Gel Electrophoresis
a laboratory method used to separate and visualize mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to their sizes
Primers (for PCR)
short, single-stranded segments of DNA sequence used in polymerase chain reactions
Genetic Profiling
the identification of individual organisms or species using DNA
Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTRs)
a location in a genome where short sequences of DNA are repeated in tandem
short lengths of DNA that are repeated multiple times within a gene
RNA Primer
short single-stranded nucleic acid sequences that help in the initiation of DNA replication
DNA Polymerase lll
the enzyme that reads and replicates DNA creating the leading strand
reads 5’-3’
Leading Strand
The continuously synthesized strand (5’-3’)
Lagging Strand
requires a slight delay before undergoing replication, and must undergo replication discontinuously in small fragments
runs 3’-5’
