transcription and translation Flashcards

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1
Q

why is transcription needed

A

DNA too large to pass out through the nuclear pores to attach to the ribsomes in the cytoplasm

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2
Q

define transcription

A

the process where DNA produces pre-MRNA

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3
Q

what are the enzymes used in transcription

A

Rna polymerase

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4
Q

what two jobs does RNA polymerase do

A

unzips the DNA helicase - braking the hydrogen bonds
catalyses the condensation of phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides

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5
Q

what happens when rna polymerase unzips the helix

A

hydrogen bonds break

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6
Q

what happens to the exposed h bonds

A

free RNA nucleotide will base pair with complementary bases

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7
Q

how do the nucleotides bond

A

rna polymerase catalyses a condensation reaction of phosphodiester bonds between base pairs

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8
Q

what bonds form between base pairs

A

phosphodiester

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9
Q

what does this lead to

A

splicing

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10
Q

what is splicing

A

removing introns

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11
Q

what does removing the introns form

A

mature MRNA

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12
Q

what is translation

A

where Mrna is turned into proteins

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13
Q

where does translation occur

A

in a ribsome

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14
Q

what happens in the ribsome

A

ribsome binds to MRNA and attaches to start codon

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15
Q

what then moves toward the ribsome

A

Trna molecule

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16
Q

what does this trna molecule have

A

a complementory anticodon

17
Q

what does this anticodon do

A

pairs with the codon on the MRNA

18
Q

what does each trna molecule carry

A

an amino acid

19
Q

what the third step

A

anouther trna molecule binds to mrna condon carrying anouther amino acid

20
Q

why do the trna molecules come

A

they are attracted to the ribsome

21
Q

what does the ribsome do to ensure constant trna

A

it moves down the mrna

22
Q

what then happens to the amino acids

A

they are then attached by a peptide bond

23
Q

what then happens causing the first amino acid to be released

A

the ribsome moves along the mrna to the third condon causing the first Trna to be released

24
Q

what causes it to stop

A

the stop codon

25
Q

what does this form

A

a protien

26
Q

where does this protien travel to

A

the golgi appartatus

27
Q

what is the role of the golgi apparatus

A

to package and synthesis proteins