Human gas exchange

Question 1

what is the sequence of breathign mechanisms from the lungs

Answer 1

lungs-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alvioli

Question 2

what supports the trachea

Answer 2

cartaliage

Question 3

define inspiration

Answer 3

when air pressure of atmosphere is greater than air pressure inside the lungs so o2 is forced in

Question 4

define exhilation

Answer 4

where air pressure of lungs is greater than that of atmosphere so air is pushed out

Question 5

what does inspiration require

Answer 5

atp

Question 6

why does inspiration require atp and what about exhilation

Answer 6

inspiration requires atp as it’s an active process where as exhilation is passive

Question 7

what are the muscles reuired in repsiration

Answer 7

internal intercorstal muscls
external intercorstal muscles

Question 8

what happens to theses intercorstal muscle during respiratin

Answer 8

internal intercorstal muscles relax and external intercorstal muscles contract

Question 9

what other factors near the lungs affect breathing

Answer 9

diaphram
ribs
thorax

Question 10

what is the thorax

Answer 10

the space between the areas of the body

Question 11

what is the action of the ribs during inhilation

Answer 11

ribs move upwards and outwards

Question 12

what does the action of the ribs in inhillation cause

Answer 12

increase in volume of the thorax

Question 13

what elses increases the volume of the thorax during inhilation

Answer 13

the diaphram muscles contract causing it to flatten

Question 14

during inhilation the volumeof the thorax increases what does this mena

Answer 14

increased volume of the thorax results in reduction of pressure in the lungs meaning oxygen moves in from the atmosphere

Question 15

what happens to intercorstal muscles during exherlation

Answer 15

internal intercorstal muscles contract and external intercorstal muscles relax

Question 16

what do the ribs do in exhelation

Answer 16

the ribs move downwards and inwards

Question 17

what does this movemnt of the ribs in inhilation do

Answer 17

decrease volume of thorax

Question 18

what does the diaghram do during exhilation

Answer 18

diagphram muscles contract and diagphram is pushe up aginst contents of ambdomom

Question 19

what does this movement of the diaphram during exhilation mean

Answer 19

further decreases the volume of the thorax

Question 20

what does the decreased volume of thorax mean for exhilation

Answer 20

decreased volume of thorax means increased pressure in the lungs so air moves out

Question 21

Describe and explain one feature of the alveolar epithelium that makes the
epithelium well adapted as a surface for gas exchange. Do not refer to
surface area or moisture in your answer.

Answer 21

the alvioli epithelium are very thin cells meaning their is a short diffusion differance from alvioli to blood stream increasing the rate of gas exchange
alvioli epthelium are also permeable which allows diffusion of oxygen

Question 22

Tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a single
breath when a person is resting. The tidal volume in a person with
emphysema is reduced compared with the tidal volume in a healthy
person.
Suggest and explain how a reduced tidal volume affects the exchange of
carbon dioxide between the blood and the alveoli.

Answer 22

a reduced tidal voulume due to emphacyma means less oxygen in inhaled. this means that less co2 moves out of the lungs reducing the concentration gradient between blood and alvioli meaning a slower movement of co2 out of the blood