Human gas exchange Flashcards
what is the sequence of breathign mechanisms from the lungs
lungs-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alvioli
what supports the trachea
cartaliage
define inspiration
when air pressure of atmosphere is greater than air pressure inside the lungs so o2 is forced in
define exhilation
where air pressure of lungs is greater than that of atmosphere so air is pushed out
what does inspiration require
atp
why does inspiration require atp and what about exhilation
inspiration requires atp as it’s an active process where as exhilation is passive
what are the muscles reuired in repsiration
internal intercorstal muscls
external intercorstal muscles
what happens to theses intercorstal muscle during respiratin
internal intercorstal muscles relax and external intercorstal muscles contract
what other factors near the lungs affect breathing
diaphram
ribs
thorax
what is the thorax
the space between the areas of the body
what is the action of the ribs during inhilation
ribs move upwards and outwards
what does the action of the ribs in inhillation cause
increase in volume of the thorax
what elses increases the volume of the thorax during inhilation
the diaphram muscles contract causing it to flatten
during inhilation the volumeof the thorax increases what does this mena
increased volume of the thorax results in reduction of pressure in the lungs meaning oxygen moves in from the atmosphere
what happens to intercorstal muscles during exherlation
internal intercorstal muscles contract and external intercorstal muscles relax
what do the ribs do in exhelation
the ribs move downwards and inwards
what does this movemnt of the ribs in inhilation do
decrease volume of thorax
what does the diaghram do during exhilation
diagphram muscles contract and diagphram is pushe up aginst contents of ambdomom
what does this movement of the diaphram during exhilation mean
further decreases the volume of the thorax
what does the decreased volume of thorax mean for exhilation
decreased volume of thorax means increased pressure in the lungs so air moves out
Describe and explain one feature of the alveolar epithelium that makes the
epithelium well adapted as a surface for gas exchange. Do not refer to
surface area or moisture in your answer.
the alvioli epithelium are very thin cells meaning their is a short diffusion differance from alvioli to blood stream increasing the rate of gas exchange
alvioli epthelium are also permeable which allows diffusion of oxygen
Tidal volume is the volume of air inhaled and exhaled during a single
breath when a person is resting. The tidal volume in a person with
emphysema is reduced compared with the tidal volume in a healthy
person.
Suggest and explain how a reduced tidal volume affects the exchange of
carbon dioxide between the blood and the alveoli.
a reduced tidal voulume due to emphacyma means less oxygen in inhaled. this means that less co2 moves out of the lungs reducing the concentration gradient between blood and alvioli meaning a slower movement of co2 out of the blood
