Transcription Flashcards
What is RNA polymerase I used for? [1 mark]
Synthesis of rRNA in the nuceleolus
What is RNA polymerase II used for? [1 mark]
Mediates mRNA synthesis
What is RNA polymerase III used for? [1 mark]
Synthesises smaller RNAs like tRNA and microRNA
What is the TATA box?
- Promoter for RNA pol II transcription
- Located 25 nucleotides upstream
What is a splicesome? [2 marks]
- Made up of proteins and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs)
- mediates the splicing reaction to remove introns
What does TFIID do? [1 mark]
Its TATA binding protein (TBP) subunit binds to the TATA box
What does TFIIA do? [1 mark]
Stabilises the pre-initiation complex
What does TFIIB do? [2 marks]
- Binds to TFIIA
- Stabilises pre-initiation complex
What does TFIIE do? [1 marks]
Recruits TFIIH
What does TFIIH do? [2 marks]
- Recruits RNA Pol II and phosphorylates it
- Unwinds DNA helix
What are the proximal control elements?
- GC box
- CAAT box
What is the function of 5’ UTR? [1 mark]
Regulation of translation
What is the function of 3’ UTR? [2 marks]
- mRNA stability
- miRNA binding
What is capping? [2 marks]
- Methylated guanine nucelotide added to 5’
- with triphosphate bridge
Definition of a gene [2 marks]
- Unit of hereditary
- DNA section that contain instructions for making a product
