Biological molecules Flashcards
What roles do small molecules (e.g. amino acids) have in the body? [2 marks]
- Building blocks
- Another specific function
What is the general formula for carbohydrates? [1 mark]
(CH2O)n
What are the two types of monosaccharides? [2 marks]
- Ketose (e.g. ribulose)
- Aldose (e.g. glucose)
Which configuration are monosaccharides usually in? [1 mark]
D configuration
What sugars are needed to make sucrose? [2 marks]
- α-D-glucose
- β-D-fructose
What sugars are needed to make lactose? [2 marks]
- β-D-galactose
- α-D-glucose
Which polysaccharides have α-1,4 glycosidic bonds? [2 marks]
- Glycogen
- Starch
Which polysaccharides has α-1,6 glycosidic bonds? [1 mark]
Glycogen
Which polysaccharides has β-1,4 glycosidic bonds? [1 mark]
Cellulose
What is the definition of primary protein structure? [1 mark]
The order of amino acid residues joined.
What is the definition of secondary protein structure? [1 mark]
Regular folded form (e.g. helices and sheets)
What is the definition of tertiary protein structure? [1 mark]
Overall 3D structure
What is the definition of quaternary protein structure? [1 mark]
Organisation of multiple polypeptide chains into assemblies
How many amino acids are there in each complete turn of an alpha helix? [1 mark]
~3.6 amino acids
What is the difference between deoxyribose and ribose? [2 mark]
- Deoxyribose has one less oxygen than ribose
- This makes deoxyribose more stable
