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Fundamentals of the Living Cell > Protein synthesis > Flashcards

Protein synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

5’ cap structure [2 mark]

A
  • 7-methylguanosine residue linked to a triphosphate at 5’ end.
  • next 2 nucleotides after cap have methylated 2’-OH on ribose halves.
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2
Q

How many adenylic residues are added at the 3’ end? [1 mark]

A

100 to 250

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3
Q

How many amino acids can be made? [1 mark]

A

20

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4
Q

How many possible codons are there? [1 mark]

A

64

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5
Q

How many amino acids can ribosomes add per second? [1 mark]

A

20

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6
Q

What are the ribosomes for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? [2 marks]

A

Prokaryotic: 70S
Eukaryotic: 80S

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7
Q

What are the large and small ribosomal subunits for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? [2 marks]

A

Prokaryotic: 50S & 30S
Eukaryotic: 60S & 40S

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8
Q

What are the large ribosomal subunit components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? [2 marks]

A

Prokaryotic: 23S & 5S RNA, 31 proteins
Eukaryotic: 28, 5.8S & 5S RNA, 49 proteins

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9
Q

What are the small subunit components of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? [2 mark]

A

Prokaryotic: 16S, 21 proteins
Eukaryotic: 18S, 33 proteins

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10
Q

What is initiation of protein synthesis? [1 mark]

A

Assembly of the ribosome on mRNA with met-tRNAi

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11
Q

What does eIF2 do? [1 mark]

A

Binds to met-tRNAi and GTP on the P site.

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12
Q

What does eIF1, eIF1A and eIF3 do? [1 mark]

A

Binds to the 40S subunit to form the 43S preinitiation complex

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13
Q

What forms the 48S preinitiation complex? [2 marks]

A
  • 43S preinitiation complex

- mRNA

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14
Q

What does eIF5 do? [2 marks]

A
  • Hydrolyses GTP

- Causes eIF2 and eIF3 to be released

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15
Q

What is the start codon in eukaryotes? [1 mark]

A

AUG

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16
Q

What does eIF1 do? [1 mark]

A

Allows the charged tRNA to enter the A site

17
Q

What is elongation? [1 mark]

A

Adding 1 amino acid at a time to form the polypeptide

18
Q

Which enzyme allows tRNA to be charged and hydrolysis EF1 and GTP? [1 mark]

A

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthase (binds to A site)

19
Q

Which enzyme translocates the amino acid to the polypeptide? [1 mark]

A

Peptidyltransferase

20
Q

Which enzyme translocates the 80S ribosome and hydrolyses EF2 and GTP? [1 mark]

A

Translocase

21
Q

What does the release factor do? [1 mark]

A

Recognises and binds to the stop codon

22
Q

What causes polysomes? [1 mark]

A

Binding of many ribosomes to an individual mRNA molecule

Fundamentals of the Living Cell (35 decks)

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