Trait Theory

Question 1

Allport’s Trait Theory

Answer 1

Developed a list of 4500 descriptors of personality but claimed it is nearly impossible to predict behaviour on the basis of traits. Emphasised that traits are central to uniqueness.

Question 2

Nomothetic Approach

Answer 2

Aims to identify all possible traits that occur in humans and concerned with sameness among individuals.

Question 3

Idiographic Approach

Answer 3

Individual focused. Traits are unique in individuals so theorists must focus on individual differences.

Question 4

Cardinal Traits

Answer 4

Fundamental dispositions that influence most aspects of behaviour and define the individual’s life.

Question 5

Central Traits

Answer 5

The building blocks of personality. Traits that people can identify on the basis of behaviour.

Question 6

Secondary Traits

Answer 6

Preferences that are only evident in certain situations that define individualism.

Question 7

Surface Traits

Answer 7

Behaviourally anchored and obvious. Tend to cluster together.

Question 8

Source Traits

Answer 8

Underlying dimensions of personality that give rise to surface traits. Cattell identified 16 source traits.