Biological Approach to Intelligence

Question 1

Structural Approach to Intelligence

Answer 1

Phrenology (shape of skull determines intelligence), brain size (larger brain = more intelligent) and specific lobes have been used as a structural approach, however intelligence is likely to be a result of whole brain function, and the connections and speed is more important than size.

Question 2

Brain Imaging and Intelligence

Answer 2

Investigating the neural activity rather than static structures in order to understand intelligence. Includes PET scans, MRI’s and EEG’s.

Question 3

Behavioural Genetics and Intelligence

Answer 3

Studies use twins and adopted children to determine whither genes or environment play a larger role in intelligence. Both are important, but genes influence potential.

Question 4

Ecological Perspective

Answer 4

Children use their traits to shape their environment to suit them better, complicating the relationship between environment and genes.

Question 5

Arthur Jensen

Answer 5

Believed differences in intelligence are genetic, so black and white people need different education styles. Two levels of intelligence. Level 1 (learning and memory) is evenly distributed among people, but level 2 (abstract reasoning and conceptual thought) is superior in whites and Asians.