Historical Roots of Intelligence Flashcards
Frances Galton
Believed people were born with different levels of intelligence. Tried to raise the “intellectual pool” by proposing a eugenics program to curtail the breeding of the “feebleminded”
Charles Spearman
Developed factor analysis and correlation. Accepted an equality of intellectual ability. Believed everyone has a level of general intelligence (g) and then they have specific intelligences that make them unique (s). Correlations between tests suggest that g exists.
Louis Thurstone
Seven primary mental abilities (verbal fluency, verbal comprehension, numerical reasoning, spatial reasoning, memory, perceptual speed and inductive reasoning).
Phillip Vernon
Multi-level hierarchy of intelligences. g is at the top, with major factors beneath (verbal-educational and spatial-mechanical-practical). At the bottom are minor group factors such as verbal reasoning, numeracy, logic and attention (v:ed) and spatial/mechanical reasoning, social skills and psychomotor coordination (s:m:p).
Raymond Cattell
Fluid and crystallised intelligence. Below these are three group factors (general speediness, general visualisation and general fluency).