Training Manual Flashcards

1
Q

According to Fire Department as an Organization, in order to achieve its objectives a Dept must apply 5 organizational guidelines which are:

A

1) Divide the work (into divisions ie Training, Firefighting)
2) Provide authority and responsibility
3) Maintain Unity of Command (ie FF rec orders from Captains)
4) Maintain a realistic span of control (manageable level - 5 persons)
5) Maintain coordination at all levels

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2
Q

According to the Training Manual, the V-Com system was originally designed for what agencies?

A
  • PRP
  • Region of Peel works
  • MFES
  • BFES
  • Caledon Fire
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3
Q

In 2009 the V Com system also included?

A
  • City of Mississauga
  • Mississauga Transit
  • Brampton Hydro
  • Canadian Border Services
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4
Q

What are the major advantages in developing a joint communications system?

A
  • economics
  • sharing frequencies
  • sharing costs of infrastructure, facilities and maintenance
  • Improved inter agency comm. in emerg situations
  • improved usability such as user accessibility
  • provide a system capable of accommodating future growth of the participating agencies
  • ability to add other agencies to the system
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5
Q

Relative strength of radio signal is reported back to the caller using what numeric values, and what is their presumed meaning?

A
STRENGTH:
 1 - Unreadable (signal very weak)
2 - Readable now and then
3 - readable but with difficulty
4 - readable
5 - perfectly readable
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6
Q

According to Radio Terminology what is the meaning of “Available”

A

Indicates a piece of apparatus is ready to respond to another call, if needed, but is not leaving the scene at this time.

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7
Q

According to Communications: transmitting techniques, the lips of the operator should not be more than how far from the microphone?

A

One inch.

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8
Q

What are the 8 steps in communications when answering an alarm?

A

1) . Advise Comm you are leaving Stn, and your destination.
2) advise on scene, short report of situation as you see
3) Report problem or extent of fire asap, request add res/assistance
4) Driver of 1st apparatus to advise Comm of arival of other services
5) Advise on benchmarks (primary all clear, fire under control etc)
6) advise when any additional apparatus can be made available
7) advise when leaving the scene
8) advise when back in station, ready or not for service

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9
Q

According to IC and Management, firefighters work at what level?

A

At the task level.

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10
Q

According to the Unity of Command why should it be utilized and how does it help officers and firefighters

A

Unity of Command should be utilized to make the individual more productive and efficient. Unity of Command thus channels direction and accountability for a company member to one company officer.

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11
Q

Define span of control

A

Span of control is the limit one person can effectively manage.

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12
Q

The rule of thumb for the fire service is that an officer can effectively manage how many individuals.

A

An officer can effectively supervise 5-6 individuals.

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13
Q

What are the 5 factors that affect the number of people being supervised?

A

1) the ability and experience of the officer
2) the ability and experience of the firefighters
3) the nature of the task
4) the relationship of task being performed by one individual to the tasks being performed by other individuals
5) the stability and competence of the organization

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14
Q

At what level does the Incident Commander operate?

A

The IC operates at the strategic level.

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15
Q

According to the Tranining Manual a strategic level or strategy is defined by?

A

The management of the Offensive / Defensive decision by the IC. This critical decision:

  • regulates operational control
  • establishes objectives
  • sets priorities
  • allocates resources
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16
Q

An effective operation centres around one IC, if there is no command or mult commanders then operations break down in what 7 ways?

A

1) Action
2) Command and Control
3) coordination
4) planning
5) organization
6) communications
7) safety

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17
Q

What is the solution when Command breaks down in ACTION (wrong actions, improper hose streams)

A

Solution: having a single commander to structure action around tactical set of guidelines that all ff’s follow.

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18
Q

What is the solution when command breaks down in COMMAND AND CONTROL: (no command or multi command)?

A

Solution: The IC must show strong early visible command.

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19
Q

What is the solution when Command breaks down in COORDINATION: (crews must be centred into a central game plan)

A

Solution: all tasks must be coordinated through the IC to get maximum productivity for all avail resources working together.

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20
Q

What is the solution when command breaks down in PLANNING (effective ff requires a plan)

A

Solution: the IC has to combine and effective pre plan with reconnaissance and info processing on the fire ground to develop and update one plan.

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21
Q

What is the solution when command breaks down in ORGANIZATION: (no overall game plan)

A

Solution: the IC must develop the plan and establishes the roles and functions for everyone on the fire ground

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22
Q

What is the solution when command breaks down in COMMUNICATIONS?

A

Solution: the IC must use an SOG to support communications and allow information flow at all levels.

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23
Q

What is the solution when command breaks down in SAFETY:(injuries affect entire operation)

A

Solution: the IC uses a safety policy to command, manage and control the positions and functions of all crews at a scene.

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24
Q

What are the 3 ROLES of the IC?

A

1) direct ops and choose command over action and working from a strategic level
2) to move towards the correct action
3) operate in a clinically calm manner by looking and acting professional

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25
Q

What are the 4 responsibilities of the IC?

A

1) protect, remove and provide care for endangered citizens
2) provide for firefighting safety and survival
3) must stop the fire
4) conserve property during and after fire control ops.

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26
Q

What is the only way an IC can properly carry out their functions is to be well trained in what 3 things?

A

1) Decision making
2) command and control
3) review and evaluation

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27
Q

To have effective command and control the IC must consider what four areas of management?

A

1) stress management
- delegate and reduce # of subordinates you are dealing with, makes for easier control, reduces stress on IC. Reduces stress on officers by limiting responsibility to assigned tasks.
2) Lone Ranger Management
- be ready to act as a single commander, must delegate and allow officers to operate at their highest level
3) Midpoint Management
- prepared to inherit ongoing scenarios
4) Scarce Resource Management
- must keep abreast of resources available

28
Q

How should command be positioned?

A

In a conspicuous and predictable location, which affords the IC a good view of area involved. It should be in an area, which affords the IC view of 3 sides of the building or a view, which allows for max effectiveness. Must not impede apparatus movement.

29
Q

What are the 10 advantages of the Command Post?

A

1) stationary position
2) quiet place
3) a vantage point
4) inside lighting
5) a place to write and record
6) more powerful radios
7) ref and preplans
8) protection from weather
9) space for staff
10) Computers

30
Q

Sectoring allows the IC to do what 3 things?

A

1) divide command
2) reduce stress
3) maintain control

31
Q

What are the 3 operational levels?

A

1) Strategy - operated by IC
2) Tactical - operated by Sector Officers
3) Task - operated by fire companies (firefighters)

32
Q

What are the 5 advantages of sectoring?

A

1) reduces IC span of control
2) creates more effective fire ground communications
3) provides a system to divide large geographical incidents into effectively sized units.
4) provides an array of major support functions
5) improves firefighter safety

33
Q

Sectors are assigned on what 4 factors?

A

1) early fire stage overload ( companies coming in exceed IC capabilities to manage
2) major operation predictions (anticipate early)
3) isolated tactical positions (firefighters in areas command cannot control)
4) Dangerous conditions ( close control must be kept over firefighters operating in dangerous areas.

34
Q

The Strategic Mode is based on what 5 things?

A

1) Building type (construction, condition, age)
2) structural integrity (contents vs structural involvement)
3) the fire load (what type of fuel is burning and what’s left to burn)
4) the fire/smoke conditions
5) the rescue profile (save-able occupants/survivability profile)

35
Q

And offensive fire attack is centred on what?

A

Rescue.

36
Q

Command must consider the most critical direction and avenues of fire extension plus its speed, particularly as they affect what 4 items?

A

1) rescue activities
2) level or risk to firefighters
3) confinement efforts
4) exposure protection

37
Q

What are the 7 sides of the fire?

A

1) front
2) rear
3) side 1
4) side 2
5) top
6) bottom
7) interior

38
Q

The basic variables relating to attack operations involve what 3 things?

A

1) location/position of attack
2) size of attack
3) support functions

39
Q

When the situation is Marginal Command must do what?

A

Command must initiate an offensive interior attack while setting up defensive positions on the exterior.

40
Q

Command should abandon marginal attacks when what 4 things occur?

A

1) primary all clear obtained and situation still marginal
2) roof is unsafe or untenable ( lightweight trussed attic spaces)
3) interior forces encounter heavy heat and cannot locate the fire or make any progress
4) heavy smoke is being forced from the building under pressure and increasing.

41
Q

Master streams are the most effective tactic to be employed in def ops. For tactical purposes a standard master stream flow of what should be the guideline?

A

1600 LPM

42
Q

Benefits of meeting the newest NFPA standards 1981/1982 when upgrading the SCBA are what 3 things?

A

1) improved user protection
2) standardization between SCBA manufacturers
3) scalable with optional features already built-in that can be activated in the future (which made it less expensive than retrofitting later)

43
Q

The new face piece had 2 major improved protections?

A

1) higher heat resistance (500 vs 250 degrees) high temp lens
2) longer break thru time for direct flame ( 25 secs vs 10 secs)

44
Q

What do the lights indicate on the new X3 SCBA regulator?

A
  • round red (lights up then flashes) batteries are low, altho enough charge to finish working with a full tank
  • 2 rectangular green = tank full
  • 1 rectangular green = tank 3/4 full
  • 1 slowly flashing yellow = 1/2 full, must begin exit strategy
  • 1 rapid flashing red = 1/3 full and vibralert will actuate (no bell)
45
Q

When the battery life of the Pak Tracker is at apx 20% the Low Batt indicator will glow what colour and how much time of usage will remain?

A

The low battery indicator will glow YELLOW and there will still be 45 mins of operational time left.

46
Q

How should you hold the pak tracker when searching?

A

Hold it apx horizontal at waist level or with the head elevated up to 45degrees or on the ground if crawling.

47
Q

Signal strength of the pak tracker is dependant on what 3 factors?

A

1) distance from the SCBA in alarm
2) direction of travel to the SCBA in alarm
3) type/quantity/thickness of materials between the receiver and the SCBA in alarm

48
Q

What does it mean that an aerial apparatus in referred to as a QUINT?

A

1) hose bed
2) pump
3) water tank
4) bed ladders
5) hydraulic ladder

49
Q

An aerial usually carries a min of what length of ladders in total?

A

198 feet / 60 m

50
Q

What are the 3 main components of the aerial device?

A

1) turntable
2) elevating boom
3) operating platform

51
Q

How is maximum stability achieved when extending the ladder of an aerial device?

A

When the ladder is placed directly over the nose or the tail of the vehicle.

52
Q

At full extension a 100 foot ladder should be inclined to at least what angle?

A

70 degrees

53
Q

What are the best climbing angles on an aerial device?

A

The best climbing angles are from 70-80 degrees from the horizontal. At this angle with the tip supported, the ladder will carry its maximum load.

54
Q

Extreme caution should be taken when operating the aerial ladder during high winds, what must be done with the winds are gale proportion?

A

When winds are gale (56 km/h or more) it is advisable to attach a guy rope to the top of the fly.

55
Q

To establish the cause of a fire we must determine what 3 things?

A

1) the fire spread
2) point of origin
3) cause determination
- source of Ignition
- combustible materials present
- the act

56
Q

What are the 3 acts that bring combustible materials together with an ignition source?

A

1) Providential - can lightning, spontaneous ignition or heat from the sun (acts of nature)
2) Accidental - can be many, careless use of smoking materials, improper use of flammable liquids, faulty appliances etc.
3) Intentional - Incendiary fires are arson, a criminal act

57
Q

What are the six main reasons for arson?

A

1) profit or eco gain by defrauding insurance co
2) eco gain where the assured is innocent but perpetrator benefits
3) personal satifaction
4) arson to conceal another crim
5) mentally afflicted, pyromaniacs
6) misc circumstances (pranksters, racial differences, religious diff)

58
Q

Manual pull stations are located at every exit on every floor. Extra pull stations may be located between exits so that no pull station is how far apart from the other?

A

60 metres

59
Q

What is the most common temperature setting in a fixed temperature (non resettable) heat detector, and what other temps are available?

A

Most common is 57 degrees C

93 and 140 are also available.

60
Q

What will set of a Rate of Rise type detector?

A

If the temperature rises at a rate of 9 deg C or quicker.

61
Q

What are the 6 key components of any sprinkler system that must be monitored?

A

1) main water supply shut off valve
2) gate valve
3) pressure pumps
4) fire pump power
5) air pressure supervisory devices of dry pipe system
6) post indicating valves

62
Q

Automatic sprinkler supervisory service is divided into what 3 main categories?

A

1) water flow
2) pressure
3) gate valve supervision

63
Q

What are the 4 main sections of the Fire Alarm Contol Unit?

A

1) power
2) common control
3) alarm initiating circuits
4) alarm signalling circuits

64
Q

The fire alarms system shall have its source of energy automatically transferred to a standby power supply upon loss of main power in no more than how many seconds?

A

15 seconds

65
Q

Upon restoration of main power, the fire alarm system shall have its source of energy automatically transferred back to the main power supply in not more than how many minutes?

A

5 minutes