TRACHEOPHYTES (FERNS & ALLIES)

Question 1

vascular plants

Answer 1

tracheophytes

Question 2

Tracheophytes all have a ____, with ______, and _____ (xylem and
phloem) that function like _____ to conduct food, water, and nutrients throughout the plant.

Answer 2

well-developed root-shoot system
highly-specialized roots, stems,and leaves
specialized vascular tissue
miniature tubes

Question 3

Because ferns and fern allies posses _____, they can grow to be much ____ and ____ than the bryophytes

Answer 3

true vascular tissues
larger
thicker

Question 4

The ferns and fern allies (______) mark two major evolutionary strides

Answer 4

non-seed tracheophytes

Question 5

In these and in all more
advanced plants, the ____
now becomes the _____.

Answer 5

leafy green diploid sporophyte
dominant stage

Question 6

The tiny gametophyte may be either ____ (like the fern prothallus) or _____ (like the gametophytes of some lycopsids), and is generally ____ and _____ of the _____.

Answer 6

autotrophic
heterotrophic
free-living
independent
parental sporophyte

Question 7

Unlike the vascular sporophytes, the gametophytes have no
____ at all. These gametophytes are therefore ____, and develop best in ___, where they
can absorb ____ directly from their surroundings.

Answer 7

vascular tissues
very small
moist areas
water

Question 8

ferns and allies possess vascular tissue (xylem and
phloem). However, the ____ lacks vessels.
_____ are the water transport cells.

Answer 8

xylem
tracheids

Question 9

ferns and allies
The _____ phase is dominant; the _____ is reduced, free living

Answer 9

sporophyte
gametophyte

Question 10

in ferns and allies, spores are produced in ____

Answer 10

sporangia

Question 11

do ferns and allies produce seeds?

Answer 11

no

Question 12

____ are the dispersal agents, not seeds

Answer 12

spores

Question 13

_____ (most Polypodiophyta)have a sporangium with a single
layer of cells

Answer 13

Leptosporangiate ferns

Question 14

_____ (Lycopodiophyta, Psilophyta, Equisetophyta) have sporangia with multiple cell layers.

Answer 14

Eusporangiate ferns & allies

Question 15

4 divisions of ferns and fern allies

Answer 15

a. Lycopodiophyta,
b. Equisetophyta (Sphenophyta),
c. Psilotophyta and
d. Polypodiophyta or Pteridophyta

Question 16

3 families in D. Lycopodiophyta

Answer 16

Lycopodiaceae (Club mosses)
Selaginellaceae (Spike moss)
Isoeteaceae (Quillworts)

Question 17

also called ground pine

Answer 17

club moss

Question 18

• consist of 400 species of seedless vascular
  plants
• With branching rhizome (horizontal stems) sends up aerial stem less than 30 cm tall
• With tightly packed , scale like leaves known as
  microphylls
• Sporangia occur on surface of leaves called
  sporophylls
• sporophylls are grouped into club shaped cones
  or strobili
• are homosporous (one kind of spore)

Answer 18

club moss

Question 19

• approximately 700 species
• Species of Selaginella occur in two vegetative
  forms
• Some have spirally arranged vegetative leaves
  that are “isomorphic” of only one size and shape.
• Other species are prostrate, have leaves that are “dimorphic”, of two forms, arranged in four
  rows: two lateral rows of larger leaves and two
  upper, or dorsal, rows of smaller leaves.

Answer 19

spike moss

Question 20

• the sporophylls bear enlarged microsporangia
  and megasporangia on the upper side of the sheathing base;
• male sporophylls microsporophylls) are usually located in inner to the female sporophylls
  (megasporophylls).
• The size and sculpturing pattern of the spores can be an important feature in identifying different species of Isoetes

Answer 20

quill worts

Question 21

division of ferns and allies
With one family Equisetaceae
* “Scouring Rush” or Horsetail family
* Remaining species is the genus Equisetum
* Erect,
* Homosporous
* Herbs with hollow, jointed, fluted silicaceous stems,
* leaves reduced to whorled scales at the nodes,
* sporangia borne in terminal strobili, spores
containing chlorophyll

Answer 21

D. Equisetophyta

Question 22

division of ferns and allies
With one family : Psilotaceae - Whisk fern family
* Herbaceous, dichotomously branched,
* stems developing from rhizome;
* A branched rhizome has rhizoids, an a mutualistic
mycorrhizal fungus
* homosporous, sporangia which are located at the
ends of short of branches
* lateral on stem are tiny scales fork a pair of scales.

Answer 22

D. Psylotophyta

Question 23

true ferns

Answer 23

D. Polypodiophyta/Pteridophyta

Question 24

division of ferns and allies
second largest division of the plant kingdom
* more than 12,000 species of ferns live today
* a fern sporophyte consists of a stem, which is often
called a rhizome
* Large conspicuous leaves are termed as fronds or
“megaphylls”
* Fronds are divided into leaflets or pinna and
pinnules
* includes 5 families :

Answer 24

D. Polypodiophyta/Pteridophyta

Question 25

5 families under D. Polypodiophyta/Pteridophyta

Answer 25

Ophioglossaceae
Osmundaceae
Polypodiaceae
Marsiliaceae
Salviniaceae

Question 26

grape fern family

Answer 26

Ophioglossaceae

Question 27

cinnamon fern family

Answer 27

Osmundaceae

Question 28

fern family

Answer 28

Polypodiaceae

Question 29

waterclover fern family

Answer 29

Marsiliaceae

Question 30

water fern family

Answer 30

Salviniaceae