NON-VASCULAR PLANTS Flashcards
group of plants that do not produce flowers
non-flowering plants
3 non-flowering plants
mosses
ferns
gymnosperms
flowering plants
angiosperms
bryophyte is dervied from a greek word “__” means _____ and “___” means ____
“bryon”
mosses (water)
“phyca”
plant
- Oldest land plants on earth and have been around for 400 million years or more
- Do not have a true vascular tissues for support and transport of water and nutrients.
- They lack leaves – however, they have leaf-like scales that contain chloroplasts in which photosynthesis occurs.
- They lack true roots.
- Lack vascular tissues
- No lignified tissues
- Usually small and ground-hugging. Most measure between 2 to 4 inches
- Lack of true stems
- Amphibians of plant kingdom, need water for fertilization
- They anchor themselves in the soil by root-like structures called rhizoids.
bryophytes
_____are relatively simple, sometimes multicellular filaments of thin-walled cell that extend from the photosynthetic tissue into the soil.
rhizoids
habitat of bryophytes
moist places
humd environment
bryophytes have ____ and ____ species
9,000
24,000
mode of nutrition of bryophytes (2)
autotrophic
heterotrophic
Plant body is ___ (not differentiated into root, stem, and leaf) e.g. Marchantia, Anthoceros
thallus
3 parts of sporophytes
foot
seta
capsule
3 classes of bryophytes
- C. Musci (Mosses)
- C. Hepaticae (Liverworts)
- C. Anthocerotae (Hornworts)
class of bryophytes
- The body of the moss is usually leaf-like
- Most prefer damp, shaded locations in the temperate zone
C. Musci (Mosses)
class of bryophytes
- The name liverwort arose because the lobes of the thallus resemble the lobes of the liver
- Many have a flattened body called thallus, but some have a leafy appearance
C. Hepaticae (Liverworts)
class of bryophytes
- The sporophytes of hornworts look like small green broom handles. Its shape is unique among bryophytes
- Unlike bryophytes and higher plants, most species of hornworts have cells that contain only a single chloroplast.
C. Anthocerotae (Hornworts)
the sporophytes of hornworts look like ______
small green broom handles
most species of hornworts have cells that contain _____
only a single chloroplast
non-vascular plant groups
* Used in spore dispersal – peristome
* Gametophyte form – leafy shoot that produces sex organs when it matures
* Characteristic of seta – composed of parenchyma cells, steroids, and a well-developed strand
* Others:
- Have thread-like rhizoids
- Have small, leafy arrangements (radial or spiral symmetry)
- Have a transportation system for gas exchange and transfer of other products and water.
mosses
in mosses, ___ is used in spore dispersal
peristome
gametophyte form in mosses
leafy shoot that produces sex organs when it matures
mosses characteristics of seta
composed of parenchyma cells, steroids, and a well-developed strand
non-vascular plant group
* Used in spore dispersal – elaters
* Gametophyte form – thalloid (flattish green sheet called thallus) and leafy (leaves on stems)
* Characteristic of seta – parenchymatous
* Others:
- Grow closer to the ground, with huge, flat, rubbery leaves that hug the surface
- Have spirally arranged leaves
- Have no transportation system
liverworts
in liverworts, ___ is used in spore dispersal
elaters
in liverworts, the gametophyte form is ___
thalloid and leafy
in liverworts, the characteristic of seta is ___
parenchymatous
non-vascular plant group
* Used in spore dispersal – pseudoelaters
* Gametophyte form – thallus
* Lacks seta
* Others:
- Have irregular forms
- Gametophyte stages are often blue-green in hue
- Produce slime in between the cells
hornworts
in hornworts, ___ is used in spore dispersal
pesudoelaters
the gametophyte formed in hornworts
thallus
is seta present/absent in hornworts
absent
characteristics of ferns
- Roots, feathery leaves & underground stems
- Have vascular tissues (transport & support)
- Spore-producing organ on the underside of leaves (reproduction)
- Damp and shady places
During the early evolution of land plants, three major monophyletic lineages diverged before the vascular plants. These lineages may collectively be called the ____ or “_____”
non-vascular land plants
bryophytes
Bryophytes are ____, _____ that have become adapted to a _____.
small
autotrophic organisms
terrestrial existence
bryophytes characteristic:
1. They are ____, have _____, (root-like structures), and may have ___ and ____ parts (mosses).
green
rhizoids
stem-like
leaf-like parts
bryophytes characteristic:
2. They lack ___ for ___ and _____ and are consequently restricted to ____ habitats.
true vascular tissue
water
food distribution
moist
bryophytes characteristic
3. The plant body (___) may be dorsoventrally flattened and bilaterally symmetrical (____) or erect radially symmetrical (____).
thallus
liverworts
mosses
bryophyte characteristic
4. Like the algae, they require ____ for fertilization, but their reproductive organs, unlike algae, are ___ - the ____ (female) and the ____ (male).
water
multicellular
archegonium
antheridium
bryophyte characteristic
5. They have pronounced _____, in which ____ is the more conspicuous and self-sustaining plant. The _____ is small, often ephemeral, and dependent on the ____ for its food and water.
alternation of generation cycle
gametophyte
sporphyte
gametophyte
Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses differ from vascular plants in lacking _____ and in having the _____ as the dominant, ____, ____, and ___.
true vascular tissue
gametophyte
photosynthetic
persistent
free-living phase of the life cycle
