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BIOL212LA SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LABORATORY > KINGDOM FUNGI > Flashcards

KINGDOM FUNGI Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

another term for K. Fungi

A

Mycetaceae

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2
Q

how many fungi species are there

A

144,000

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3
Q

fungi is divided into two groups, these are:

A

macroscopic fungi
microscopic fungi

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4
Q

what are the macroscopic fungi

A

mushroom
puffballs
gill fungi

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5
Q

what are the microscopic fungi

A

molds
yeast

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6
Q

can fungi be unicellular or multicellular

A

yes

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7
Q

fungal cell wall is made up of ___ (found in the exoskeleton of insect and other arthropods) and ____

A

chitin and polysaccharide

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8
Q

the cell wall comprises of ___ which is differentiated to other cell parts

A

protoplast

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9
Q

the protoplast differentiates into (4)

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
cell organelle
nuclei

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10
Q

all fungi are ___ and ___

A

heterotrophs and saprophytic

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11
Q

fungi are__ because they obtain heir nutrition by feeing on dead organic substances

A

saprophytic

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12
Q

fungi are __ because they can infect the host

A

parasitic (biotrophs)

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13
Q

fungi are __ because they live by having an interdependent relationship association with other species in which both are mutually benefitted.

A

symbiotic

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14
Q

fungi are especially adapted to ___ and ___ environments

A

dark & moist

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15
Q

various fungi can thrive in substrate with ___ or ____, at relatively ____ temperatures, and even in ____ and ____

A

high salt
sugar content
high
snow
glaciers

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16
Q

most fungi are ___ that produce powerful digestive enzymes that they introduce into their immediate environment to break down organic matter

A

decomposers

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17
Q

fungi are considered the earth’s ___

A

decomposers

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18
Q

the energy reserve of fungi is ___, as it is in animals and bacteria

A

glycogen

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19
Q

fungi can destroy and damage stored food and goods

A

true

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20
Q

serves as important storage function in fungi

A

lipids

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21
Q

in vegetative condition, fungus body (thallus) is called ___

A

mycellium

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22
Q

the food absorbing portion of the fungal body

A

mycellium

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23
Q

the mycellium is consists of a woven, intertwining mass of ___

A

hyphae

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24
Q

two kinds of hyphae

A

septate
coenocytic (ornon septate)

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25
Q

type of hyphae that are divided into successive compartments by crosswalls or septa

A

septate hyphae

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26
Q

type of hyphae that are continuous and are without crosswalls

A

coenocytic (ornon septate) hyphae

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27
Q

fungi reproduction is ___ or ___ spore that maybe produced either ___ or ____

A

motile
non-motile
sexually
asexually

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28
Q

for ___, non-motile spore are the characteristics means of rreproduction in fungi

A

chytrids

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29
Q

some sporea re dry and very small

A

true

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30
Q

fungi can remain suspended in the air foor long periods - being carried to great heights and for great distances - explains the wide distribution of many species of fungi

A

true

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31
Q

other spores are slimy and stick to bodies of ___ and other ____

A

insects
arthropods

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32
Q

the bright colors and powdery textue of many types of molds are due to the ___

A

spores

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33
Q

the most common method of asexual reproduction in fungi is by means of

A

spore

34
Q

spores are produced either in ___ or from hyphal cells called ____

A

sporangia
conidogenous cells

35
Q

the spores produced by conidogenous cells occurs ___ or in ___ and are called ____

A

singly
pairs
conidia

36
Q

the ___ is a sac-like structure, the entire contents of which are converted into one or more usually many spores

A

sporangium

37
Q

some fungi reproduce asexually by ___ of their hypahe or by the _____ of existing hyphae

A

fragmentation
simpel outgrowth

38
Q

2 types of asexual spore

A

sporangiospore
conidia (conidiospore)

39
Q

type of asexual spore that are formed by successive cleavagges within a sac-like head called sporangium
these spores are initially enclosed but are released when the sporangium ruptures

A

sporangiospore

40
Q

Sporangiospore
sac-like head -
attached to a stalk called -

A

sporangium
sporangiophore

41
Q

type of asexual spore that are free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac.
develop either by pinching off of the tip of a speial fertile hypahe or by segmentation of pre-existing vegetative hypha

A

conidia (conidiospore)

42
Q

5 forms of spore

A

arthrospore
chlamydospore
blastospore
phialospore
porospore

43
Q

arthron - joint
ectangular spore formed when the septate hypha fragments at the ctosswalls

A

arthrospore

44
Q

chlamys - cloak
spherical conidium formed by thickening of a hyphal cells
released when the surrounding hyphal fractures
serves as a survival or resting cells

A

chlamydospore

45
Q

bud
produced by budding from parent cells that is a yeast or another conidium

A

blastospore

46
Q

phialos - vessel
a conidium that is budded from a mouth of a vase-shaped spore-bearing cell called a phialide or sterigma, leaving a small collar micronidium and macronidium
the smaller and larger conidia formed by the same fungus under varying conditions

A

phialospore

47
Q

vase-shaped spore-bearing cell

A

phialide or sterigma

48
Q

one-celled small collar

A

micronidia

49
Q

two or more-celled small collar

A

macronidia

50
Q

a conidium that grows out through small pores in the small-bearing cells
some are composed of several cells

A

porospore

50
Q

3 distinct phases of sexual reproduction in fungi

A

plasmogamy
karyogamy
meiosis

51
Q

the first two phases of sexual reproduction in fungi ae considered the

A

syngamy of fertilization

52
Q

the fusion of protoplast
immediately followed by karyogamy, while in others the 2 haploid nucleus do not fuse for some time

A

plasmogamy

53
Q

the fusion of nuclei
may not take place for several months or years
the pairs of nuclei may divide in tandem

A

karyogamy

54
Q

sexual reproduction in most fungi results in the formation of ____

A

specialized spores

54
Q

karyogamy produces ___

A

dikaryotic mycellium

54
Q

phase where the nuclei fuse within a fruiting structure to form a ____ nucleus, which quickly undergoes meiosis, reestablishing the ___

A

meiosis
diploid nucleus
haploid condition

55
Q

3 specialized spores

A

zygspores
ascospores
basidiospores

56
Q

food acquisition method of fungi

A

absorption by external digestion

57
Q

term used inclusively for a heerogeneous group of organisms that have traditionally been studied by mycologistts

A

fungus

58
Q

term refers to the organism in the Kinggdom Fungi

A

FUngi

59
Q

the “true” fungi

A

Eumycota

60
Q

primary carbohydrate storage product of fungi

A

glycogen

61
Q

fungi does not have chlorophyll nor chloroplast

A

true

61
Q

all fungi are multicellular except ___

A

yeast

62
Q

cellular arrangement of fungi

A

unicellular, filamentouss fleshy

62
Q

nutritional type of fungi

A

heterotroph

62
Q

embryo formation of fungi

A

none

63
Q

scientific discipline dealing with fungi

A

mycology

64
Q

diseases caused in animals by fungi

A

mycoses

65
Q

the more colorful the mushroom is, the more harmful it is

A

true

66
Q

tubular chitinuous structure in fungi

A

hyphae

67
Q

the body of fungi consisting of hyphae

A

mycellium

68
Q

cross walls of hyphae may form compartments

A

true

68
Q

spores can be formed in (3)

A

directly on hyphae
inside sporangia
fruiting bodies

68
Q

hierarchical classification of fungi

A

K. Fungi
P. Basidiomycota
C. Basidiomycetes
O. Agaricales
F. Agaricaceae
G. Agaricus
SP. Agaricus compestis L.

69
Q

“sac fungi”

A

Ascomycota

70
Q

inc. Deuteromycota
teleomorphic fungi
produce sexual and asexual spores
sexual - asci
asexual - common
cup fungi, morels, truffles
important plant parasites and saprobes
yeast - saccharomyces
septate
most lichens

A

Ascomycota

71
Q

“club fungi”

A

Basidiomycota

72
Q

produce basidiospsores and sometimes conidiospores
sexual - basidia
asexual - not so common
long-lived dikaryotic mycelia
rusts and smuts - primitive plant parasites
septate
mushrooms, polypores, puffball
enzymes decompose wood
Mycorrhizas

A

Basidiomycota

73
Q

“zygote fungi”

A

Zygomycota

74
Q

conjugation fungi
coenocytic
sexual - zygosporangia
asexual - common
produce sporangiospores and zygospores
hyphae have no cross walls
grow rapidly
Rhizopus, Mucor (opportunistic, systemic mycoses)
Mycorrhizas (strawberry)

A

Zygomycota

BIOL212LA SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LABORATORY (8 decks)

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