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BIOL212LA SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LABORATORY > KINGDOM FUNGI > Flashcards

KINGDOM FUNGI Flashcards

1
Q

another term for K. Fungi

A

Mycetaceae

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2
Q

how many fungi species are there

A

144,000

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3
Q

fungi is divided into two groups, these are:

A

macroscopic fungi
microscopic fungi

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4
Q

what are the macroscopic fungi

A

mushroom
puffballs
gill fungi

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5
Q

what are the microscopic fungi

A

molds
yeast

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6
Q

can fungi be unicellular or multicellular

A

yes

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7
Q

fungal cell wall is made up of ___ (found in the exoskeleton of insect and other arthropods) and ____

A

chitin and polysaccharide

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8
Q

the cell wall comprises of ___ which is differentiated to other cell parts

A

protoplast

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9
Q

the protoplast differentiates into (4)

A

cell membrane
cytoplasm
cell organelle
nuclei

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10
Q

all fungi are ___ and ___

A

heterotrophs and saprophytic

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11
Q

fungi are__ because they obtain heir nutrition by feeing on dead organic substances

A

saprophytic

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12
Q

fungi are __ because they can infect the host

A

parasitic (biotrophs)

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13
Q

fungi are __ because they live by having an interdependent relationship association with other species in which both are mutually benefitted.

A

symbiotic

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14
Q

fungi are especially adapted to ___ and ___ environments

A

dark & moist

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15
Q

various fungi can thrive in substrate with ___ or ____, at relatively ____ temperatures, and even in ____ and ____

A

high salt
sugar content
high
snow
glaciers

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16
Q

most fungi are ___ that produce powerful digestive enzymes that they introduce into their immediate environment to break down organic matter

A

decomposers

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17
Q

fungi are considered the earth’s ___

A

decomposers

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18
Q

the energy reserve of fungi is ___, as it is in animals and bacteria

A

glycogen

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19
Q

fungi can destroy and damage stored food and goods

A

true

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20
Q

serves as important storage function in fungi

A

lipids

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21
Q

in vegetative condition, fungus body (thallus) is called ___

A

mycellium

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22
Q

the food absorbing portion of the fungal body

A

mycellium

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23
Q

the mycellium is consists of a woven, intertwining mass of ___

A

hyphae

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24
Q

two kinds of hyphae

A

septate
coenocytic (ornon septate)

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25
type of hyphae that are divided into successive compartments by crosswalls or septa
septate hyphae
26
type of hyphae that are continuous and are without crosswalls
coenocytic (ornon septate) hyphae
27
fungi reproduction is ___ or ___ spore that maybe produced either ___ or ____
motile non-motile sexually asexually
28
for ___, non-motile spore are the characteristics means of rreproduction in fungi
chytrids
29
some sporea re dry and very small
true
30
fungi can remain suspended in the air foor long periods - being carried to great heights and for great distances - explains the wide distribution of many species of fungi
true
31
other spores are slimy and stick to bodies of ___ and other ____
insects arthropods
32
the bright colors and powdery textue of many types of molds are due to the ___
spores
33
the most common method of asexual reproduction in fungi is by means of
spore
34
spores are produced either in ___ or from hyphal cells called ____
sporangia conidogenous cells
35
the spores produced by conidogenous cells occurs ___ or in ___ and are called ____
singly pairs conidia
36
the ___ is a sac-like structure, the entire contents of which are converted into one or more usually many spores
sporangium
37
some fungi reproduce asexually by ___ of their hypahe or by the _____ of existing hyphae
fragmentation simpel outgrowth
38
2 types of asexual spore
sporangiospore conidia (conidiospore)
39
type of asexual spore that are formed by successive cleavagges within a sac-like head called sporangium these spores are initially enclosed but are released when the sporangium ruptures
sporangiospore
40
Sporangiospore sac-like head - attached to a stalk called -
sporangium sporangiophore
41
type of asexual spore that are free spores not enclosed by a spore-bearing sac. develop either by pinching off of the tip of a speial fertile hypahe or by segmentation of pre-existing vegetative hypha
conidia (conidiospore)
42
5 forms of spore
arthrospore chlamydospore blastospore phialospore porospore
43
arthron - joint ectangular spore formed when the septate hypha fragments at the ctosswalls
arthrospore
44
chlamys - cloak spherical conidium formed by thickening of a hyphal cells released when the surrounding hyphal fractures serves as a survival or resting cells
chlamydospore
45
bud produced by budding from parent cells that is a yeast or another conidium
blastospore
46
phialos - vessel a conidium that is budded from a mouth of a vase-shaped spore-bearing cell called a phialide or sterigma, leaving a small collar micronidium and macronidium the smaller and larger conidia formed by the same fungus under varying conditions
phialospore
47
vase-shaped spore-bearing cell
phialide or sterigma
48
one-celled small collar
micronidia
49
two or more-celled small collar
macronidia
50
a conidium that grows out through small pores in the small-bearing cells some are composed of several cells
porospore
50
3 distinct phases of sexual reproduction in fungi
plasmogamy karyogamy meiosis
51
the first two phases of sexual reproduction in fungi ae considered the
syngamy of fertilization
52
the fusion of protoplast immediately followed by karyogamy, while in others the 2 haploid nucleus do not fuse for some time
plasmogamy
53
the fusion of nuclei may not take place for several months or years the pairs of nuclei may divide in tandem
karyogamy
54
sexual reproduction in most fungi results in the formation of ____
specialized spores
54
karyogamy produces ___
dikaryotic mycellium
54
phase where the nuclei fuse within a fruiting structure to form a ____ nucleus, which quickly undergoes meiosis, reestablishing the ___
meiosis diploid nucleus haploid condition
55
3 specialized spores
zygspores ascospores basidiospores
56
food acquisition method of fungi
absorption by external digestion
57
term used inclusively for a heerogeneous group of organisms that have traditionally been studied by mycologistts
fungus
58
term refers to the organism in the Kinggdom Fungi
FUngi
59
the "true" fungi
Eumycota
60
primary carbohydrate storage product of fungi
glycogen
61
fungi does not have chlorophyll nor chloroplast
true
61
all fungi are multicellular except ___
yeast
62
cellular arrangement of fungi
unicellular, filamentouss fleshy
62
nutritional type of fungi
heterotroph
62
embryo formation of fungi
none
63
scientific discipline dealing with fungi
mycology
64
diseases caused in animals by fungi
mycoses
65
the more colorful the mushroom is, the more harmful it is
true
66
tubular chitinuous structure in fungi
hyphae
67
the body of fungi consisting of hyphae
mycellium
68
cross walls of hyphae may form compartments
true
68
spores can be formed in (3)
directly on hyphae inside sporangia fruiting bodies
68
hierarchical classification of fungi
K. Fungi P. Basidiomycota C. Basidiomycetes O. Agaricales F. Agaricaceae G. Agaricus SP. Agaricus compestis L.
69
"sac fungi"
Ascomycota
70
inc. Deuteromycota teleomorphic fungi produce sexual and asexual spores sexual - asci asexual - common cup fungi, morels, truffles important plant parasites and saprobes yeast - saccharomyces septate most lichens
Ascomycota
71
"club fungi"
Basidiomycota
72
produce basidiospsores and sometimes conidiospores sexual - basidia asexual - not so common long-lived dikaryotic mycelia rusts and smuts - primitive plant parasites septate mushrooms, polypores, puffball enzymes decompose wood Mycorrhizas
Basidiomycota
73
"zygote fungi"
Zygomycota
74
conjugation fungi coenocytic sexual - zygosporangia asexual - common produce sporangiospores and zygospores hyphae have no cross walls grow rapidly Rhizopus, Mucor (opportunistic, systemic mycoses) Mycorrhizas (strawberry)
Zygomycota

BIOL212LA SYSTEMATIC BIOLOGY LABORATORY (8 decks)

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