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Biochem final > Trace elements > Flashcards

Trace elements Flashcards

1
Q

chronic iron intoxication is called

A

hemochromatosis

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2
Q

iron is absorbed mainly in the

A

small intestine

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3
Q

the amount of light absorbed is proportional to the concentration of absorbing atoms in

A

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)

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4
Q

What does a flame atomizer do?

A

Aspirate a liquid sample from elements into atoms

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5
Q

Disadvantages to AAS

A

one element at a time
not suitable for all elements
sensitivity limitation

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6
Q

ICP-MS separates ions based on

A

mass-to-charge ratio

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7
Q

most commonly used ICP-MS

A

the quadrupole ICP-MS

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8
Q

the better ICP-MS

A

Magnetic sector ICP-MS

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9
Q

total iron content of the adult body

A

4g

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10
Q

acquired hemochromatosis can occur as a result of

A

multiple blood transfusions

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11
Q

hereditary hemochromatosis can occur as a result of

A

gene mutation in HFE causing increased intestinal iron absorption

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12
Q

Lab testing for iron deficiency

A

CBC
Serum ferritin
Zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP)

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13
Q

Lab testing for iron overload

A

Acute poisoning: serum iron levels

Hemochromatosis: serum ferritin, transferrin saturation, genetic testing, liver biopsy

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14
Q

total Zn content in the adult body

A

2.5g

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15
Q

Zn is present in…

A

more than 200 metalloenzymes as a cofactor regulating cell growth and immune function

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16
Q

Zn is absorbed in

A

small intestine

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17
Q

80% of Zn is in

A

red blood cells

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18
Q

20% of zin is in

A

plasma, bound to albumin

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19
Q

impaired taste and smell, hair loss, frequent infections, skin lesions, impaired wound healing

A

symptoms of Zn deficiency

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20
Q

ceruloplasmin is

A

the protein that binds copper

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21
Q

copper function

A

RBC formation and maintenance of normal brain function

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22
Q

detecting Cu toxicity

A

liver biopsy

23
Q

disease of Cu toxicity

A

Wilson’s disease

24
Q

Diagnostic golden-brown ring around the edge of the cornea

A

Kayser-Fleicher ring = copper toxicity

25
Q

Menkes disease

A

genetic disease of Cu deficiency caused by a mutation of the transport protein mediating Cu uptake from the intestine

26
Q

Copper deficiency affects

A

the nervous system and can cause neurological abnormalities

27
Q

Where Cu is incorporated into ceruloplasmin

A

the liver

28
Q

most toxic form of arsenic

A

Inorganic As, trivalent is more toxic than pentivalent

29
Q

absorption pathway of As

A

blood to lungs, liver, kidney, and spleen

30
Q

Inorganic arsenic affects which organs

A

GI tract, heart, kidney, peripheral and central nervous systems

31
Q

As3+ inhibits wht enzyme

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

32
Q

As5+ inhibits what process

A

oxidative phosphorylation

33
Q

transverse white lines on nails

A

Mees lines

34
Q

Lab testing

A

urine

35
Q

Treatment

A

Chelation therapy using Dimercaprol

36
Q

half life of cadmium

A

10-20 years

37
Q

about what percentage of blood Cd is bound to RBC

A

90%

38
Q

Cd is bound to what protein in the liver that reduces its toxicityq

A

metallothionein

39
Q

Three forms of mercury

A

Organic&raquo_space; inorganic> elemental

40
Q

source of organic mercury

A

methyl mercury in contaminated fish

41
Q

sites of deposition of mercury

A

kidney and brain

42
Q

half life of mercury

A

60-90 days

43
Q

which type of mercury is lipid soluble

A

organic

44
Q

preferred test for elemental/inorganic mercury

A

blood or urine

45
Q

preferred test for organic mercury

A

hair and nails

46
Q

two methods for lead absorption

A

Ingestion/inhalation**

Transdermal

47
Q

Deficiencies in what elements increase the GI absorption of Pb

A

Fe and Ca

48
Q

morem than 90% of Pb is deposited in

A

bone

49
Q

excreted mostly in

A

urine

50
Q

toxicity extends to which organs

A

nervous system, hemopoeitic system, kidneys

51
Q

toxic effect

A

inhibits enzymes responsible for heme synthesis –> anemia

52
Q

lab testing

A

CBC with blood smear

53
Q

reference interval for blood lead level (BLL) in achildren

A

0.24 umol/L

Biochem final (10 decks)

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