Toxins in the garage

Question 1

warfarin rodenticides (BRODIFACUUUM) affect which coagulagion factors?

Answer 1

2,7,9,10: they all depend on vitamin K

Question 2

A dog named Jessep comes to the clinic because he is having trouble breathing and the is pale and tachycardic. The owners say that they saw him eating something in their garage yesterday. After some digging, you find out it was warfarin rodenticide. What bloodwork abornmalaities will there be?

Answer 2

elevated PT (because factor 7 has the shortest half life of all the vit K dependent ones, which is a part of the extrinsic pathway), this happens in the first 36-72 hrs. After 3-5 days then PTT will be elevated.

Question 4

how does bromethilin rodenticide work?

Answer 4

inhibits ATP production, messes up osmotic gradients and causes brain swelling

Question 5

a client brings their dog to you in a hurry because the dog ate rat poison. When you ask what kind, the owner doesn’t know. When you look at the dog, it is hyperexciable and has a high temperature. When you finish taking the temperature it begins to seize. What kind of rat poison is affectint this dog?

Answer 5

brommethalin

Question 6

cholecalficerol rodenticide causes what bloodwork abnormality

Answer 6

hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia

Question 7

a dog that ingested cholecalficerol rat poison presents to you with PUPD and vomiting. On quiz bloodwork the dog is hypercalcemic. how will you treat this dog?

Answer 7

diruesis with fluids and a loop diruetic like furosemide

steroids to reduce calcium absorption

bisphosphates to reduce osteoclast activity

Question 8

what is the end product of ethylemne glycol metabolism that combines with calcium to create crystals?

Answer 8

oxalic acid, forming calcium oxalate

Question 9

what clinical signs do you expect to see with ethlyene glycold toxicity/

Answer 9

ataxia, stupor, coma, PUPD, Ca oxalate crystalluria, tachypnea and tachycardia, oliguric renal failure,

Question 10

how do you treat antifreeze toxicity

Answer 10

fomepizole/4-MP: have to give it within 8 hrs ingestion

20% ethanol

Question 11

Gorb the dog gets into the garbage and the owner says it was the mouldy compost. What is your pain cocnern?

Answer 11

aspergillosis/penitrem A: neurotoxin which raises membrane potentials

tonic spasms + tremors

Question 11

what important things to remmeber if an animal ingests acid or alkaline household cleaners, like bleach for example

Answer 11

DO NOT induce vomiting, and DO NOT give charcoal