Poultry Disease

Question 1

How is ILT treated?

Answer 1

if early in the outbreak, can vaccinate them.

can give antimicrobials to prevent secondary infections

prevent: vaccination and dont allow extra traffic into poultry barn
1 day old: eye drop
OR water/spray vaccine

**make sure you vaccinate all birds

Question 2

infectious bronchitis is a coronavirus. what clinical signs does it cause?

Answer 2

drop in egg production and reduced shell quality

Question 3

a small turkey flock is having issues where the turkey’s have “swollen faces”. dx?

Answer 3

mycoplasma gallisepticum

Question 4

mycoplasma usually presnts as respiratory or

Answer 4

arthritis

Question 5

which strains of HPAI are reportable?

Answer 5

H5 and H7

Question 6

newcastle disease causes what in humans?

Answer 6

conjunctivitis

Question 7

newcastle disease is classified in different “forms” which are

Answer 7

lentogenic, mesogenic, velogenic (in order of best to worst)

Question 8

what kind of virus is HPAI?

Answer 8

orthomyxovirus

Question 9

if you suspect HPAI, how can you diagnose?q

Answer 9

PCR (RT-PCR)

Question 10

how to prevent HPAI?

Answer 10

there is NO VACCINE so just good bioseucrity

Question 11

what kind of lesions are present on PM for HPAI?

Answer 11

hemorrhage and necrosis of different organs. not specific and not that helpful.

Question 12

what wild bird gets newcastle disease

Answer 12

pigeons

Question 13

can you vaccinate for newcastle?

Answer 13

YES!!!

Question 14

ILT is what kind of virus?

Answer 14

alpha herpesvirus

Question 15

chickens presenting for dyspnea, “almond eye”, gasping, open mouth breathing, and blood coming from the mouth. ddx? treatment?

Answer 15

ILT! birds will clear it 1-3 weeks.

Question 16

you take samples from chickens that you think have ILT. when you do histo, what will confirm your suspicions?

Answer 16

intranuclear inclusion bodies, multinucleated giant cells (syncitial cells)

Question 17

a new chicken farmer calls you on the phone and asks you how they can prevent and manage ILT in their flock of chickens. you say

Answer 17

there is 2 kinds of vaccines

one hatchery vaccine given 18 days in ovo that also protects against marek’s disease (not an option for small flock)

eye drop vaccine to be given during an outbreak to reduce shedding

Question 18

why is chlamydia a reportable disease in poultry?

Answer 18

because of the zoonosis

often presents as sick workers from turkey processing plants

Question 19

how to diagnose chlamydia on histo?

Answer 19

intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies (very hard to culture)

Question 20

what antibiotics can be given to birds with chlamydia?

Answer 20

tetracyclines

Question 21

yellow/green droppings, conjunctivitis, pneumonia.

Answer 21

chlamydia

Question 22

avian encephalitis is casued by

Answer 22

picornavirus

Question 23

very young chickens with neurological signs, think

Answer 23

avian encephalitis

Question 24

a flock of chickens is experiencing the following: young birds have neurologic signs and the older birds have dropped in egg production but have no other signs. ddx?

Answer 24

for the young birds: avian encephalitis, other ddx selenium deficiency, marek’s, toxicosis

older birds: avian encephalitis, HPAI, NCD, bronchitis, feed mixing error

Question 25

how do you control avian encephalitis?

Answer 25

live vaccine of breeders and layer flock around 10-12 weeks, either by water or web wing stick

Question 26

mycobacterium avium is also known as

Answer 26

avian tuberculosis

Question 27

mycobacterium requires what stain

Answer 27

acid fast

Question 28

mycobacterium (avian TB) causes what lesions

Answer 28

granulomas, emaciated chronic wasting birds, no body fat, atrophied muscles

Question 29

what are the 2 forms of fowl pox?

Answer 29

dry: skin lesions, usually resolve on their own

wet: systemic, usually kills

Question 30

best way to prevent fowl pox?

Answer 30

vaccination:
wing web in chickens
thigh stick in turkeys

mosquito control

Question 31

infectious bronchitis is caused by

Answer 31

a coronavirus

Question 32

infectious broncitid affects what 3 systems?

Answer 32

respiratory, renal, reproductive

Question 33

what’s the big difference between IB and ILT?

Answer 33

with IB there is a drop in egg production AND reduced egg quality

Question 34

a flock of chickens is experiencing decreased egg production and the eggs seem to be “wrinkled”. Some birds are also gasping for air, have nasal discharge, are sneezing, and some have watery diarrhea with excessive urates. what disease is this?

Answer 34

infectious bronchitis

Question 35

the 3 resp diseases of chickens that often look alike are

Answer 35

infectious bronchitis, Newcastle disease and infectious laryngotracheitis.

Question 36

how can a farmer prevent infectious bronchtis in his chicken flock?

Answer 36

biosecurity/all in all out flock

vaccinate layers and breeders with killed vaccine many times before they lay, around 18 weeks of age

vaccinate broilers at the hatchery via droplet spray and then revaccinated at around 2-3 weeks old.

**usually given in combo with NCD vaccine

Question 37

what is infectious coryza?

Answer 37

hemophilus (avibacterium) paragallinarium

ONLY HAPPENS IN CHICKENS

Question 38

a flock of chickens is experiencing redued egg production, reduced feed consumption, oculonasal discharge, efema of the face and eyelids. On necropsy, one of the chickens has sinuses filled with cheesy exudate. dddx?

Answer 38

infectious coryza (avibacterium paragallinarium)

Question 39

best way to control infectious coryza?

Answer 39

all in all out, good biosecurity, cull the flock and start again to eradicate the bacteria

Question 40

round “fried-egg” colonies in culture are associated with

Answer 40

mycoplasma gallisepticum

Question 41

how is mycoplasma controlled??

Answer 41

vaccinate chickens but do NOT vaccinate turkeys it will kill them

Question 42

turkey coryza is caused by

Answer 42

bordetella avium, also called “racoon eye”

Question 43

young turkeys presenting for voice change, dirty shoulders, swollen sinuses, facial swolling. this farm mizes old and young turkeys. ddx?

Answer 43

bordetella avium/ turkey coryza