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Vet Sci IV -Jessie Loberg > Toxicology > Flashcards

Toxicology Flashcards

1
Q

4 Steps in preventing further absorption from ingestion exposure

A
  1. Induce emesis
  2. Gastric Lavage
  3. Activated Charcoal
  4. Cathartics
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2
Q

Gastric Irritation Emetics

A

Ipecac Syrup and H2O2

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3
Q

CNS Stimulation (vomit trigger zone) Emetics

A

Apomorphine, Xylazine, and Cephazolin

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4
Q

Ipecac Syrup

A

Over the Counter,

Vomit in 30 min

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5
Q

H2O2

A

Over the Counter,
Dose- 1 tsp/10#, do not exceed 3 tbsp
Vomit in 20-30 min, can safely redose one time.

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6
Q

Apomorphine

A

Dogs only

Dose- 0.03mg/kg IV

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7
Q

Xylazine

A

Cats only

0.44mg/kg IM

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8
Q

Cephazolin

A

Quick IV bolus

Reliable in Cats

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9
Q

When is emesis contraindicated

A

Seizure, Dyspnea, Hypoxia, Caustic Substances, and lack of pharyngeal reflex.

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10
Q

Ocular exposure

A

Rinse eyes with physiological saline solution

+/- Steroids- don’t use if ulcer is present

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11
Q

Topical exposure

A

Bathe with mild detergent and protect your self form exposure
** consider ingestion also

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12
Q

Gastric Lavage

A

Most reliable 2-4 hrs after ingestion

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13
Q

Activated Charcoal

A
  • Binds to the toxin and inhibits GI absorption

- Given TID- QID for 2-3 days

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14
Q

Activated Charcoal Brand Names

A

Toxiban/Vet a Mix

Powder or Tablet

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15
Q

Cathartics

A
  • Agents that promote the clearing of intestine

- Give 30 min after charcoal

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16
Q

Cathartic contraindications

A

Diarrhea, neonates, and geriatrics

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17
Q

Bulk Cathartics

A

Increase fecal vol.

Psyllium, Metamucil

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18
Q

Lubricant Cathartics

A

Soften feces and reduce friction

Mineral Oil

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19
Q

Osmotic Cathartics

A

Increase H2O content in intestine

Milk of Magnesia or Epsom Salt

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20
Q

Stimulant Cathartics

A

Increase peristalsis

Dulcolax

21
Q

Chocolate Toxin

A

Theobromine

22
Q

Milk v. Baking Chocolate

A

Milk- 44mg/oz

Baking- 390mg/oz

23
Q

Theobromine toxic dose

A

250-500 mg/kg (Dogs)

24
Q

Theobromine c/s

A

Tachycardia, VPC, V-Tach, urinary= renal failure, Muscle tremors, anxiety

25
Q

Theobromine Dx

A

Hx, c/s, and Xanthines in urine

26
Q

Theobromine Tx

A
  • Vomit with in 2 hrs
  • Gastric Lavage
  • Urinary catheter to prevent reabsorption of Xanthines
27
Q

First Generation Rodenticides

A

Warfarin- Decon

28
Q

Second Generation Rodenticides

A

-Cholecalciferol- Quintox, Rampage and Rat be gone
-Bromethalin- Assault, Vengeance, and Trounce
(developed to kill warfarin resistant mice)

29
Q

Cholecalciferol

A

10mg/kg
c/s with in 36-48 hrs
1st Kidney/heart failure
2nd GI tract

30
Q

Salmon Calcitonin treats what?

A

Cholecalciferol toxin

31
Q

Bromethalin

A

1.8mg/kg in cats and 4.7mg/kg in dogs

Cause cerebral edema

32
Q

Bromethalin Tx

A

Normal decontamination with in the first 10-24 hrs if no c/s signs are present. Otherwise not useful if c/s are present

33
Q

Warfarin c/s and Tx

A

lethargy, v/d, anorexia, ataxia, Hemorrhage, pale MM, Dyspnea
Tx- Normal decontamination, blood transfusions, and Vit K x 21 days

34
Q

Acetaminophen Toxin

A

Tylenol in Cats
50-60mg/kg
Reg conc- 325mg/tab
x-strength & PM- 500mg/tab

35
Q

Acetaminophen antidote

A

N-acetylcysteine 140mg/kg slow IV then 70mg/kg IV or PO q 6 hrs for 7 treatments

36
Q

Metal toxins and Tx

A

Lead

Tx- removal or Chelators

37
Q

Chelators

A

Bind to metal

EDTA or Thiamine

38
Q

Zinc Toxicosis

A

Ingestion of pennies, can see increased serum zinc levels on BW
Tx- EDTA or removal and supportive care

39
Q

Ethylene Glycol

A

Anti-Freeze or color film processing solution (sweet smell)

40
Q

Ethylene Glycol toxic dose

A

Dogs- 1.5ml/kg

Cats- 6.6ml/kg

41
Q

3 Ethylene Glycol c/s stages

A
  1. 30min- 12hrs- appear drunk
  2. 12-24hrs- Tachycardia and Tachypnea
  3. 24-72hrs- Renal failure (pu/pd)
42
Q

Ethylene Glycol competitive inhibitor

A

20% Ethanol Solution (vodka)

Good prognosis with in 6-8hrs

43
Q

Toxic Plants

A

Lily- Renal failure in cats

Poinsettia- v/d

44
Q

Snake Bits

A

Pit Viper Family (rattle snakes)

45
Q

Snake Bit Tx

A

Aggressive fluid therapy

Antivenin- only decreased hospital stay

46
Q

Black Widow Bits c/s and Tx

A

Abdominal rigidity without tenderness

Tx- antivenin, respiratory support

47
Q

Brown Recluse Bits c/s and Tx

A

1st- itching at site
2nd- Bleb or blister
and fever/nausea
Tx- wound care and supportive care. Possible sx excision of bite site

48
Q

Xylitol Toxin

A

Sugar subsitute causing increase in insulin levels= hypoglycemia

49
Q

Xylitol Toxic dose and Tx

A

0.15g/kg

Tx- IV dextrose and Potassium

Vet Sci IV -Jessie Loberg (11 decks)

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