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Vet Sci IV -Jessie Loberg > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

2 Anatomical divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS

PNS

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2
Q

CNS is composed of

A

Brain/Spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS if composed of

A

Cranial nerves, sensory & motor nerves

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4
Q

2 Physiologic divisions of the nervous system

A

Somatic

Automatic

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5
Q

Somatic

A

voluntary (skeletal muscle)

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6
Q

Autonomic

A

Involuntary (smooth muscle & glands)

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7
Q

Cerebrum controls

A

higher order behavior, controls fine muscle movement

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8
Q

Diencephalon composed of

A

Thalamus & Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Hypothalamus controls

A

controls body temp. and eating/drinking, some control of pituitary

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10
Q

Cerebellum controls

A 
coordinates muscle activity of the trunk and limbs 
maintains equilibrium (inner ears)
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11
Q

Brainstem composed of

A

mid-brain
pons
medulla oblongata

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12
Q

Medulla oblongata controls

A

controls heart rate, respiratory, blood vessel diameter, regulates swallowing and vomiting

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13
Q

Levels of consciousness

A 
Conscious= awake/aware
Hysterical= exaggerated response to stimuli
Depressed= decreased response to stimuli
Stupor= little response to stimuli
Coma= unresponsive
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14
Q

Dorsal root of spinal cord controls

A

sensory

pain/stimulus

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15
Q

Ventral root of spinal cord controls

A

response to stimuli

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16
Q

Brachial plexus

A

bundle of nerves that intervates front limbs

between C5 & T2

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17
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A

bundle of nerves that intervates hind limbs

between L4 & S3

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18
Q

Nervous system Trauma
Causes
C/S
Tx

A

Injury- direct (HBC) or secondary (hypoxia)
CS- history of trauma, seizures, blood in orphases, pupil size, head tilt/pressing
Tx- depends on cause
elevate head, admin. diuretics
irreversible & 48 hour coma = death

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19
Q

Vertebral formula

A

C7T13L7S3Ca3-24

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20
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy

A

repeated episodes of seizures with no demonstrated cause

21
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy diagnosis & clinical signs

A

Based on rule out of other seizure causes

seizures in young animals (1-3 years)

22
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy treatment

A

Phenobarbitol
Potassium Bromide
Zonisimide
Levetiracetam (Keppra)

23
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy info for clients & breed dispositions

A

incurable, but the goal is to decrease severity
spay or neuter affected patients
German Sheps, Goldens, Labs, and toy poodles
possibly seen in any breed!

24
Q

Status epilepticus

A

continual seizure activity

ER if seizing >5min.

25
Status epilepticus C/S
prolonged, uninterrupted seizure activity
26
Status epilepticus Tx
1. admin. Valium rectally if IVC is unavailable (2x normal dose) 2. establish an airway if needed 3. place an IVC in the recurrent tarsal (for your safety!) 4. check blood glucose and calcium levels 5. cool bath if temp is >105 6. +/- diuretics and steroids if nothing else stops the seizure, indue general anesthesia until a decision about Tx can be made
27
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IDD): | 2 Types of herniations
Type 1: Acute rupture of annulus fibrosis | Type 2: Chronic. Not a rupture, but a bulging disc
28
C/S of Intervertebral Disc Disease
uni or bilateral paralysis altered deep pain decreased panniculus
29
Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Disease
Type 1: Medical- analgesics, cage rest, anti-inflammitory Surgery- Hemilaminectomy Type 2: Medical- supportive care (steroids) Surgery- not common
30
Intervertebral Disc Dz info for clients
Weight control/ Keep fit | lacking deep pain = poor prognosis
31
Idiopathic Vestibular Dz
disorder of middle-older aged dogs and cats that effects their horizon
32
What is the vestibular apparatus? | & 2 types
the body's neuro equipment that perceives the body in space. Rotational= tumble Linear acceleration= up from down
33
Clinical Signs of Idiopathic Vestibular Dz
``` Ataxia Nausea Nistagmus Circling Falling Head Tilt* ```
34
Diagnosis of Idiopathic Vestibular Dz
rule out inner ear infection, middle ear polyps, trauma | Based on neuro exam
35
Treatment of Idiopathic Vestibular Dz
Supportive care Tranquilizers Cage rest Meclazine will normally resolve within 3-6 weeks but prone to reoccurrence
36
Laryngeal Paralysis
Effects aretnoid cartilage (vocal folds) | one of the nerves is paralyzed causing one of the folds to be kept open
37
Laryngeal Paralysis Causes
``` Acquired: Trauma Lead poisoning Rabies Idiopathic: Middle-older aged dogs Large-giant breeds Hereditary ```
38
Laryngeal Paralysis clinical signs & diagnosis
``` Inspatory stridor (noisy) Resp. distress Exercise intolerance Voice change Dyspnea Cianosis ``` Diagnose with laryngoscopy
39
Laryngeal Paralysis Tx
Critical= sedation True treatment= arethoidectomy (de-bark) laryngeal tieback
40
Tick Paralysis Signs DX TX
Common dog tick with salivary neurotoxin by female tick that interferes with release of ACH at the neuromuscular junction Signs= hind limb paralysis, finding tick on dog Diagnosis= history of ticks & paralyzed Treatment= remove ticks, give ventilation, supportive care
41
Neuro Nursing Care | Skin Complications & prevention
Dermatitis= from lying is waste Decubital Ulcers= Bed sores, boney prominence Surgical site= laminectomy ``` Hygiene Padding Turning pt every 2 hours Massage to ^ circulation Thermotherapy Whirlpool therapy ```
42
Neuro Nursing Care | Immunity complications
Immunocompromised due to steroids | Prevent nosocomial infections
43
Neuro Nursing Care | Urinary complications & prevention
Incontinence- dermatitis and ascending UTI are secondary Retention- no ability to relax sphincter Infection- due to catheter Manually express bladder Urinary catheter
44
Neuro Nursing Care | Muscle complications & prevention
Atrophy- happens over a long period of time Adhesions- abnormal band of tissue Spasm Weakness Massage Range of motion- helps prevent adhesion Hydrotherapy
45
Neuro Nursing Care | Digestive complications & prevention
Gastroenteritis- due to steroids Incontinence constipation Malnutrition & dehydration Drugs- antacids (pepcid) Stool softeners Hygiene Diet
46
Neuro Nursing Care | Pulmonary complications & prevention/treatment
Atelectasis- incomplete filling of alveoli, can lead to collapsed lungs turn every 2 hours ventilator
47
Neuro Nursing Care | Circulatory complications & prevention
Phlebitis- thick ropey veins Edema- due to lack of muscle movement catheter asepsis turning massage & range of motion thermotherapy
48
Neuro Nursing Care | Joint complications & prevention
Contracture- if unused, leg will contract Massage Range of motion Active exercise
49
Neuro Nursing Care | Mental complications and prevention
Boredom Lonely Hopelessness Give loves & attention!! <3 Owner can help

Vet Sci IV -Jessie Loberg (11 decks)

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