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Vet Sci IV -Jessie Loberg > Neurology > Flashcards

Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

2 Anatomical divisions of the nervous system

A

CNS

PNS

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2
Q

CNS is composed of

A

Brain/Spinal cord

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3
Q

PNS if composed of

A

Cranial nerves, sensory & motor nerves

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4
Q

2 Physiologic divisions of the nervous system

A

Somatic

Automatic

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5
Q

Somatic

A

voluntary (skeletal muscle)

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6
Q

Autonomic

A

Involuntary (smooth muscle & glands)

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7
Q

Cerebrum controls

A

higher order behavior, controls fine muscle movement

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8
Q

Diencephalon composed of

A

Thalamus & Hypothalamus

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9
Q

Hypothalamus controls

A

controls body temp. and eating/drinking, some control of pituitary

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10
Q

Cerebellum controls

A 
coordinates muscle activity of the trunk and limbs 
maintains equilibrium (inner ears)
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11
Q

Brainstem composed of

A

mid-brain
pons
medulla oblongata

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12
Q

Medulla oblongata controls

A

controls heart rate, respiratory, blood vessel diameter, regulates swallowing and vomiting

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13
Q

Levels of consciousness

A 
Conscious= awake/aware
Hysterical= exaggerated response to stimuli
Depressed= decreased response to stimuli
Stupor= little response to stimuli
Coma= unresponsive
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14
Q

Dorsal root of spinal cord controls

A

sensory

pain/stimulus

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15
Q

Ventral root of spinal cord controls

A

response to stimuli

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16
Q

Brachial plexus

A

bundle of nerves that intervates front limbs

between C5 & T2

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17
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A

bundle of nerves that intervates hind limbs

between L4 & S3

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18
Q

Nervous system Trauma
Causes
C/S
Tx

A

Injury- direct (HBC) or secondary (hypoxia)
CS- history of trauma, seizures, blood in orphases, pupil size, head tilt/pressing
Tx- depends on cause
elevate head, admin. diuretics
irreversible & 48 hour coma = death

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19
Q

Vertebral formula

A

C7T13L7S3Ca3-24

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20
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy

A

repeated episodes of seizures with no demonstrated cause

21
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy diagnosis & clinical signs

A

Based on rule out of other seizure causes

seizures in young animals (1-3 years)

22
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy treatment

A

Phenobarbitol
Potassium Bromide
Zonisimide
Levetiracetam (Keppra)

23
Q

Idiopathic epilepsy info for clients & breed dispositions

A

incurable, but the goal is to decrease severity
spay or neuter affected patients
German Sheps, Goldens, Labs, and toy poodles
possibly seen in any breed!

24
Q

Status epilepticus

A

continual seizure activity

ER if seizing >5min.

25
Q

Status epilepticus C/S

A

prolonged, uninterrupted seizure activity

26
Q

Status epilepticus Tx

A
  1. admin. Valium rectally if IVC is unavailable (2x normal dose)
  2. establish an airway if needed
  3. place an IVC in the recurrent tarsal (for your safety!)
  4. check blood glucose and calcium levels
  5. cool bath if temp is >105
  6. +/- diuretics and steroids

if nothing else stops the seizure, indue general anesthesia until a decision about Tx can be made

27
Q

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IDD):

2 Types of herniations

A

Type 1: Acute rupture of annulus fibrosis

Type 2: Chronic. Not a rupture, but a bulging disc

28
Q

C/S of Intervertebral Disc Disease

A

uni or bilateral paralysis
altered deep pain
decreased panniculus

29
Q

Treatment of Intervertebral Disc Disease

A

Type 1:
Medical- analgesics, cage rest, anti-inflammitory
Surgery- Hemilaminectomy

Type 2:
Medical- supportive care (steroids)
Surgery- not common

30
Q

Intervertebral Disc Dz info for clients

A

Weight control/ Keep fit

lacking deep pain = poor prognosis

31
Q

Idiopathic Vestibular Dz

A

disorder of middle-older aged dogs and cats that effects their horizon

32
Q

What is the vestibular apparatus?

& 2 types

A

the body’s neuro equipment that perceives the body in space.

Rotational= tumble
Linear acceleration= up from down

33
Q

Clinical Signs of Idiopathic Vestibular Dz

A 
Ataxia
Nausea
Nistagmus
Circling
Falling
Head Tilt*
34
Q

Diagnosis of Idiopathic Vestibular Dz

A

rule out inner ear infection, middle ear polyps, trauma

Based on neuro exam

35
Q

Treatment of Idiopathic Vestibular Dz

A

Supportive care
Tranquilizers
Cage rest
Meclazine

will normally resolve within 3-6 weeks but prone to reoccurrence

36
Q

Laryngeal Paralysis

A

Effects aretnoid cartilage (vocal folds)

one of the nerves is paralyzed causing one of the folds to be kept open

37
Q

Laryngeal Paralysis Causes

A 
Acquired: 
     Trauma
     Lead poisoning 
     Rabies 
Idiopathic:
     Middle-older aged dogs 
     Large-giant breeds 
Hereditary
38
Q

Laryngeal Paralysis clinical signs & diagnosis

A 
Inspatory stridor (noisy) 
Resp. distress
Exercise intolerance
Voice change
Dyspnea 
Cianosis

Diagnose with laryngoscopy

39
Q

Laryngeal Paralysis Tx

A

Critical= sedation
True treatment= arethoidectomy (de-bark)
laryngeal tieback

40
Q

Tick Paralysis
Signs
DX
TX

A

Common dog tick with salivary neurotoxin by female tick that interferes with release of ACH at the neuromuscular junction
Signs= hind limb paralysis, finding tick on dog
Diagnosis= history of ticks & paralyzed
Treatment= remove ticks, give ventilation, supportive care

41
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Skin Complications & prevention

A

Dermatitis= from lying is waste
Decubital Ulcers= Bed sores, boney prominence
Surgical site= laminectomy

Hygiene 
Padding 
Turning pt every 2 hours 
Massage to ^ circulation
Thermotherapy
Whirlpool therapy
42
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Immunity complications

A

Immunocompromised due to steroids

Prevent nosocomial infections

43
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Urinary complications & prevention

A

Incontinence- dermatitis and ascending UTI are secondary
Retention- no ability to relax sphincter
Infection- due to catheter

Manually express bladder
Urinary catheter

44
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Muscle complications & prevention

A

Atrophy- happens over a long period of time
Adhesions- abnormal band of tissue
Spasm
Weakness

Massage
Range of motion- helps prevent adhesion
Hydrotherapy

45
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Digestive complications & prevention

A

Gastroenteritis- due to steroids
Incontinence
constipation
Malnutrition & dehydration

Drugs- antacids (pepcid) Stool softeners
Hygiene
Diet

46
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Pulmonary complications & prevention/treatment

A

Atelectasis- incomplete filling of alveoli, can lead to collapsed lungs

turn every 2 hours

ventilator

47
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Circulatory complications & prevention

A

Phlebitis- thick ropey veins
Edema- due to lack of muscle movement

catheter asepsis
turning
massage & range of motion
thermotherapy

48
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Joint complications & prevention

A

Contracture- if unused, leg will contract

Massage
Range of motion
Active exercise

49
Q

Neuro Nursing Care

Mental complications and prevention

A

Boredom
Lonely
Hopelessness

Give loves & attention!! <3
Owner can help

Vet Sci IV -Jessie Loberg (11 decks)

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