Test #1 Flashcards
1
Q
Over the needle IVC
A
most common
short term- 24-36hours
2
Q
Butterfly IVC
A
needle connected to extension tubing
short term- supervised use only
3
Q
Through the needle IVC
A
jugular cath
long term- 4-5 days
4
Q
24 ga IVC
A
less than 5 lbs
5
Q
22 ga IVC
A
5-20 lbs
6
Q
20 ga IVC
A
20-70 lbs
7
Q
18 ga IVC
A
greater than 70 lbs
8
Q
Jugular Catheter Brand Names
A
Intrafusor
Venocath
Intracath
9
Q
Signs of phlebitis
A
inflammation of the vein: heat redness pain inability to flush cath thick ropey vein proximal to cath
10
Q
Heparinized Saline flush ratio & how often to flush
A
5000 IU heparin to 1L saline
flush every 4-6 hours
11
Q
Diagnostic reasons to place urinary cath
A
Bacterial culture
Routine US
Measure urinary output
12
Q
Therapeutic reasons to place urinary cath
A
Obstruction
Post-Sx repair of bladder/urethra
13
Q
5-8 fr urinary cath
A
Small dog
14
Q
8-12 fr urinary cath
A
Medium dog
15
Q
10-12 fr or > urinary cath
A
Large dog
16
Q
3.5-5 fr red rubber cath
A
Cats
17
Q
Stainless steel urinary cath
A
“bitch cath”
short term
female only
dogs
18
Q
Foley urinary cath
A
long term
flexible
male or female
dogs
19
Q
2 ports on Foley cath
A
White tipped port- inflates cuff
Other port- administration
20
Q
Polypropylene cath
A
Short term
Semi-rigid
male or female
dogs/cats
21
Q
Tom Cat Cath
A
Polypropylene material
male cats
22
Q
Red Rubber cath
A
Long term Flexible male/female dogs/cats many uses
23
Q
3 places of resistance in male dog when placing urinary cath
A
Os Penis
Ischial Arch
Level of the prostate
24
Q
2 methods of urinary cath placement in bitches
A
digital palpation
visual
25
placement of urinary cath in male cat
must tranquilize first
26
Urohydroproulsion
the dislodging of the urethra by mixing 1:1 ratio of sterile saline in aqueous lubricant in syringe and gently pulsing the obstruction
27
Urinary cath management
measure urine output every 2-4 hours
perform UA daily to every other day
perform serum chemistry
palpate bladder 4-6 hours
28
When placing an IVC where should you start?
distal vein
29
Once IVC is placed how can you tell you are in the vessel
gently pulse the flush syringe and palpate the vein- should feel the vein pulse
30
After removing the IVC what should be placed and how long?
pressure bandage
| remove within 1 hour
31
What should you look for when removing the IVC?
make sure the whole cath was removed and no pieces were left in the pt
32
What five things do you look at once the urinary cath has been placed
```
Secure connections
Swelling
Urinary output
Full collection bag
UA for bacteria
```
33
How often should the urinary cath be replaced?
48 hours
34
What type of urinary cath is used in females?
Foley
35
What instrument can be used as a speculum while placing a Foley
Otoscope
36
What should be visualized before inserting Foley
The urethral papilla
37
What should be done with the cuff when removing the Foley?
Deflate
38
Why do we place bandages?
```
Protection
Support
Immobilization
Control Hemorrhage
Prevent weight bearing
Debridement
Discourage licking/grooming
```
39
How to wrap a bandage & why
Distal to proximal to prevent edema
40
Bandage instructions to send home with owner
Change immediately if wet or soiled
Date of application/change/removal
Asses toes twice daily for swelling, sweating, and pain
41
Primary bandage layer
Contact with skin or wound
42
Primary bandage types
Adherent- debridement, wet to dry
| Non-Adherent- Holds ointment & allows for drainage
43
Primary Non-Adherent Brand Name
Telfa
44
Secondary Bandage layer
absorbs drainage and provides support
45
Components of secondary bandage layer
Cast padding or Rolled cotton
| Kling gauze - holds in place
46
Tertiary Bandage layer
outer covering
holds in place
offers protection
(Vet Wrap, Zonas Tape, Elasticon)
47
Robert Jones Bandage
Most common splint
| Provides support, immobilizes fracture, post op swelling
48
Robert Jones application
```
Tape stirrups
+/- Telfa
Rolled Cotton
Kling Gauze
Elasticon
Zonas Tape
```
49
Modified Robert Jones Bandage
Only difference is cast padding instead of rolled cotton
50
Head bandage use & materials
Prevents re-formation of aural hematoma
Gauze
Stockinette
Elastic Tape
51
Velpeau Sling uses
prevents weight bearing on forelimb
| immobilizes shoulder luxation or scapular fracture
52
Ehmer Sling uses
Prevents weight bearing on hind limb
| after coxofemoral luxation
53
Canine dental formula
2(I3/3 C1/1 P4/4 M2/3) =42
54
Feline dental formula
2(I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1) =30
55
Modified Triadan Numbering system
Upper Right 100's
Upper Left 200's
Lower Left 300's
Lower Right 400's
56
Rule of 4 & 9
Each tooth that ends in a 4 is a canine
| Each tooth that ends in a 9 is the first molar
57
gingival score of I
Mild gingivitis
erythema (inflammation)
swelling
58
gingival score of II
Moderate gingivitis
erythema
edema
bleeding after probing
59
gingival score of III
Severe gingivitis
erythema
edema
copious bleeding without manipulation
60
Normal measurements of gingival sulcus
Dog- 1-3mm
| Cat- 0-1mm
61
Crown status of C/S
calculus- slight
62
Crown status of C/M
calculus- moderate
63
Crown status of C/H
calculus- heavy
64
Furcation
only on multiple rooted teeth
| hole between root and crown
65
Furcation F1
entrance can be probed
66
Furcation F2
probe can pass through
67
Furcation F3
probe can pass all the way through and exit opposite side
68
Gingival recession
periodontal probe measures recession from the Cementum Enamel Junction (CEJ)
69
Tooth mobility scale M1
slight mobility
70
Tooth mobility scale M2
increased mobility (0.3-1mm)
71
Tooth mobility scale M3
>1mm mobility and loss of 2/3 of periodontal attachment
72
Tooth mobility scale M4
Vertical mobility
grey tooth
loss of function
73
Epulis
benin growth of the gingiva
74
FORL
Feline Oral Resorptive Lesion
| neck lesion that can access the pulp chamber
75
Rotated Teeth
Teeth rotate on axis
| Most common in brachycephalic breeds
76
Extracted vs. Missing teeth
take dental film to see if root is still present
77
Retained roots
can cause pain, inflammation and abscess
78
Supernumerary Teeth
retained deciduous teeth or adult buds
79
Fractured Teeth
Slab fracture
80
Malignant Melanoma
Black non pigmented in color
anywhere in the oral cavity
locally invasive and highly metatastic
(can make its way to lungs, bones, etc.)
81
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
```
Grey pink in color
Nodular
Raised
Irregular in shape
Locally invasive to jaw bone
Common in white cats
Poor prognosis :(
```
82
Fibrosarcoma
```
Color of surrounding tissue
Raised
Irregular shaped
Fleshy mass
Friable (breaks & bleeds)
anywhere in oral cavity
commonly originates from mandible & maxillary
locally invasive does not usually metastasize
```
83
Oronasal fistula
Passageway between cavities
result from advanced periodontal disease
smells like rotting tissue
located on the maxillary at the k9s
84
Stomatitis & 3 causes
```
inflammation of the oral cavity
1. foreign body
2. chemical/toxin
3. thermal electrical burn
can also be idiopathic
```
85
Normal occlusion
"scissor bite"
| maxillary incisors are slightly anterior to the mandibular incisors
86
Rostral Crossbite
when one or more mandibular incisors is labile to the opposing maxillary incisor
87
Caudal Crossbite
One or more of the mandibular premolar/molar is buccal to the opposing maxillary teeth
88
Base Narrow
Lingually displaced canines
89
Wry bite
Incisors are not aligning at midline/ offset jaw
90
Brachygnathism
Overbite
91
Prognathism
Underbite
| Most common in brachy breeds
92
Dental prophylaxis goals
prevention of dental dz
1. reduce periodontal dz & tooth loss
2. improve overall health
93
Protecting patient during dental prophy
cuffed ET tube- prevent aspiration
4x4 gauze sponge placed by trachea to prevent water & bacteria
Place pt. head in draining position
Lubricate eyes to keep cornea moist & prevent bacteria
94
Protecting the tech during prophy
Gloves
Eye wear
Mask
Oral lavage on pt. to decrease aerosolized bacteria
95
Alway record: dental exam
```
# and type of tooth
tooth position
condition
inflammation
perio dz.
```
96
Plaque
Cant see it, accumulates prior to calculus formation
97
Calculus/Tartar
Visible on crown on tooth
98
Dental instruments- removal of plaque and tartar
Calculus forceps
Dental hoe
Dental scaler
99
Scaling
most effective using ultrasonic
high frequency
10-15 sec. on each tooth
100
Subgingival Currettage & instruments
Removing plaque and calculus from the root of the tooth
Curette
Ultrasonic scaler
101
How to check for plaque
Dry tooth, if there is plaque it will be white and chalky
102
Polishing
Removes scratches created by scaling - bacteria can adhere to tooth faster if not polished
103
Polishing instruments
Abrasive Grit Paste- pressure applied should flare the edges of cup
2-5 seconds per tooth (no water)
polish all surfaces
104
Dental Home Care
Prevention > Treatment
Provide owners with tooth brushes/paste and dental chews
inform owners of advantages of good oral care = healthy pt.
105
Preferred recumbency for female urinary cath. placement
Standing
| Ventral, legs over table
106
Eruption time for teeth
Incisors & Canines= 3-4 months
| Premolars & Molars= 4-5 months
