Emergencies

Question 1

Compensated Shock Type

Answer 1

Pt use own compensitory mech. to get better

c/s- normal- bounding pulse, Rapid CRT , Tachycardia

Question 2

Decompensated Shock Type

Answer 2

Medical intervention is necessary

c/s- Tachycardia, poor pulse, Muddy MM

Question 3

Irreversible Shock Type

Answer 3

Death is certain, but try to tx.

c/s- >40% blood loss, sever hypotension, necrotic tissues

Question 4

Hypovolemic Shock Category

Answer 4

Low BV d/t hemorrhage or sever dehydration

MM= pale or white

Question 5

Neurogenic Shock Category

Answer 5

Sever loss in BV with NO blood loss, head trauma (dilation)

MM= brick red

Question 6

Cardiogenic Shock Category

Answer 6

d/t sever heart failure= sever decrease in perfusion

MM= pale

Question 7

Endotoxic/Septic Shock Category

Answer 7

Bacterial toxin causes vasodilation= death by toxic shock, NOT systemic infection
MM= brick read

Question 8

Goals of Tx

Answer 8

Return cardiovascular peramators to normal and optimize O2 delivery

Question 9

Cornerstone of Shock Tx

Answer 9

Fluid Therapy

Question 10

Fluid of Choice

Answer 10

Replacement Crystalloids

Question 11

Best indicator for how a pt is tolerating fluids

Answer 11

CVP, measures

• hears ability to pump fluid thats returned to it
• relationship of BV to BV compacity 1:1

Question 12

Hemolysis/Hemolytic Anemia

Answer 12

IMHA/AIHA
Onion ingestion
Zinc toxin
Ehrlichia/Babesia

Question 13

Ineffective Erythropoesis/Aplastic Anemia

Answer 13

Nutritional 
Drugs
Infection
BM infiltration 
Organ disorders

Question 14

Platelet Disorders

Answer 14

IMT
Vw Dz
Hemophilia A and B
Warfarin Toxin
DIC

Question 15

Clotting disorder lab tests

Answer 15

CBC, PT, aPTT, Buccal (<5min)

Question 16

Large/Upper airway Dz

Answer 16

Larynx and Trachea

Question 17

Small/Lower airway Dz

Answer 17

Feline Asthma and Pneumonia

Question 18

Gas Exchange Dz

Answer 18

Pulmonary Contusion and Edema

Question 19

Pleural Cavity Dz

Answer 19

Pneumothorax (air in pleural space), Pleural Effusion (fluid between visceral and parietal pleura), Diphragmatic Hernia, and Flail Chest (broken ribs fee float)

Question 20

Hypoglycemia- Division 1

Answer 20

Disorders that promote rapid glucose removal form serum

• Insulinoma (tumor)
• Polycythemia/^RBC production (utilize all glucose)

Question 21

Hypoglycemia- Division 2

Answer 21

Disorders that are associated with a failure to produce or secrete glucose

• Neonate/Toy breeds (low glucose storage)
• Hunting Dog Hypoglycemia (need extra food for energy)

Question 22

Primary effects of Hypoglycemia

Answer 22

Muscle/skell weakness

Nervous system- lethargy, ataxia, Fly bitting and star gazing

Question 23

Hypoglycemia Tx goal

Answer 23

50-100mg/dl of glucose

Question 24

Esophageal FB Tx

Answer 24

Push FB to stomach and remove or remove with scope and foreceps
**avoid cutting into esophages

Question 25

GI FB Tx

Answer 25

R/O other dz first. Then sx if item wont pass.

Question 26

GDV Tx

Answer 26

Stabilization with Hypertonic Saline Solution fluids, followed by maintance fluids. Sx- Gastric derotaion with spleenectomy and gastropexy

Question 27

Pancreatitis Dx

Answer 27

PLI test- pancreatic lipase immumoreactivity test CBC- inflamation Chem- ^ALT and AST

Question 28

Pancreatitis Tx

Answer 28

Fluid with Dextrose NPO 24-72 hrs Anti-emetics (Cerena)

Question 29

Peritonitis Causes

Answer 29

Primary- FIP | *Secondary- ruptured bowl or uterus= systemic infection

Question 30

Peritonitis Tx

Answer 30

Hypertonic Saline Solution Fluids followed by maintance crystalloids and Colliods

Question 31

DM Causes

Answer 31

Chronic Pancreatitis

Question 32

DKA Insulin Deficiency Steps

Answer 32

1. Initiates Lipolysis- Stored fat breaks down into fatty acid 2. Conversion of the release of fatty acids- process called BETA OXIDATION 3. Increase secretion of stress hormones- cortisone and glucose= by products of the entire process

Question 33

DKA Tx

Answer 33

Insulin Therapy- CRI, run fluid line with 30-50 mls of insulin solution prior to admin.

Question 34

DKA Tx Goal

Answer 34

Slowly decrease blood glucose levels to opt. range of 50-100mgldl

Question 35

Hypoadrencorticism (Addison's Dz)

Answer 35

Deficiency in Meineralocorticoid (aldosterone)

Question 36

Hypoadrencorticism Tx Goals

Answer 36

- Correct Hypovolemia with NaCl fluids - Correct Electrolyte imbalance with dilute K - Provide hormone replacement therapy with inj of Dex (short term) and Aldosterone (long term)