Oxygen Therapy & Fluid Administration Flashcards

1
Q

Hypoxia

A

Impaired pulmonary function
Hypoventilation
Ineffective O2 delivery within body
Increase tissue O2 demand (athletes)

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2
Q

Indictions for oxygen therapy

A

Hypoxia

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3
Q

Recognition of Dyspnea

A
Cianosis= later stage 
Anxiety 
Tachypnea 
Panting 
Excessive resp. effort 
Extended head and neck 
Tachycardia 
Aggression/thrashing (cats)
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4
Q

Partial Pressure of O2 concentration PaO2

A

measures pressure of atrial oxygen by doing blood gas analysis

best indicator for pulmonary function should be taken when patient is off of O2

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5
Q

Sample and Tube used for PaO2

A

Atrial blood sample

GTT

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6
Q

Normal PaO2

A

85-105mmgh

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7
Q

Pulse Ox

A

% of Hgb saturated with O2
Quicker than PaO2, but not 100% accurate
Check by taking manual pulse and compare

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8
Q

Factors that effect Pulse Ox reading

A

body temp.- hypothermic
Movement
Ambient light (not a problem with new models)
Skin pigmentation

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9
Q

Oxygen rich environment

A

> 40%
concentration can be measured with an O2 analyzer
Prolonged exposure at increased concentration can create toxicity

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10
Q

Sigs of O2 toxicity

A
Pulmonary edema
Atalectisis 
Fibrosis
Blindness 
Hemorrhage of the lungs
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11
Q

Short term methods of O2 delivery

A

Flow-by
Mask
Nasal prongs
Oxygen tent (oxy-hood)

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12
Q

Nasal prongs

A

no oxygen analyzer- never know O2 %
always add humidifier
apply ocular lubricant

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13
Q

Oxygen tent

A

Plastic bag or shower cap over E-Collar
can reach a very high concentration of O2 & CO2
Leave upper 1/3 open for release of CO2
Use O2 analyzer

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14
Q

Long term methods of O2 delivery

A

Nasal catheter
Intratracheal catheter
O2 cage

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15
Q

Nasal Catheter

A
red rubber cath
measure placement 
give local anesthetic 
place as medial and ventral as possible 
suture/staple in place 
attach humidifier to tubing
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16
Q

Intratracheal catheter

A
Long term
can use red rubber cath
invasive 
surgically placed in trachea 
verify position with laryngoscope 
between 4th and 5th cartilage ring of trachea
17
Q

O2 Cage

A

long term
control O2 concentration, heat/humidity, and disposal of CO2
Concern of overheating, no contact with patient, when door opens- O2 leaves

18
Q

Uses of fluid therapy

A
maintain normal hydration
replace losses
fluid diuresis 
anesthesia 
replace deficits of IV volume
19
Q

Total Body Water (TBW)

A
adult= 60% fluid
neonate= 80% fluid
20
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

adult= 40% of body weight

21
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

circulate in vessels
adult= 20% of body weight
-interstitiel=15% (lymph fluid)
-vascular=5% (plasma)

22
Q

Sensible fluid loss

A

can be measured

  • urine
  • blood
  • vomit
  • diarrhea
23
Q

Insensible fluid loss

A

cannot be measured

  • perspiration
  • respiration
  • fecal material
24
Q

Crystalloids

A

water with sodium or glucose

also contains electrolytes

25
Q

Replacement Crystalloids

A

for replacement of IV volume & electrolytes
(hemorrhage, dehydration, shock)
0.9% NaCl, ringers solution

26
Q

Maintenance Crystalloids

A

Normal daily losses/ unable to intake fluid
only infused at maintenance rate (30ml/lb/24hrs)
0.45% NaCl + Dextrose
Plasmalyte 56

27
Q

Hypertonic Saline (Crystalloid)

A

Rapid replacement of IV volume (emergency)
Transient effect (only up to 30 min.)
7.2% NaCl
follow with replacement fluids

28
Q

5% Dextrose in H2O (Crystalloid)

A

Vehicle for delivering medications

29
Q

Colloids

A

fluid with increased molecular weight
does not readily leave the IV space
expands IV volume by drawing fluids into vessels

30
Q

Indications for Colloids

A
Severe hypovolemia 
Sepsis 
Burn pts. 
Pancreatitis 
Gastroenteritis
31
Q

Types of Colloids

A

Plasma- natural, increased risk of reaction
Hetastarch/Dextran- synthetic
Oxyglobin- acts as a colloid

32
Q

Contraindications for Colloids (do not use!)

A

Coagulopathies
heart disease
pulmonary disease

33
Q

Oxyglobin

A

synthetic cross-linked bovine Hgb

34
Q

Indications for Oxyglobin

A

IMHA
AIHA
Hemorrhage

35
Q

Advantages/Disadvantages of Oxyglobin

A

(+)compatible & lasts longer than RBCs

-)creates hemolytic plasma (use cautiously in heart disease and pulmonary patients

36
Q

Blood products: Indications & rate

A

to replace whole or parts of blood

0.11ml/lb/min for 15 min (monitor for reaction)
give 1 unit within 4 hours (250ml)

37
Q

Parenteral Nutrition: Indications & vein used

A

Used when enteral nutrition is not feasible

Vomiting, pancreatitis, enteritis

admin in peripheral or central vein

38
Q

Routes of administration of fluids

A
Orally 
IV- most common and fastest 
SQ- for mildly dehydrated pts 
IP- must be warm
IO- neonates, pocket pets, reptiles
Rectally