Oxygen Therapy & Fluid Administration Flashcards
Hypoxia
Impaired pulmonary function
Hypoventilation
Ineffective O2 delivery within body
Increase tissue O2 demand (athletes)
Indictions for oxygen therapy
Hypoxia
Recognition of Dyspnea
Cianosis= later stage Anxiety Tachypnea Panting Excessive resp. effort Extended head and neck Tachycardia Aggression/thrashing (cats)
Partial Pressure of O2 concentration PaO2
measures pressure of atrial oxygen by doing blood gas analysis
best indicator for pulmonary function should be taken when patient is off of O2
Sample and Tube used for PaO2
Atrial blood sample
GTT
Normal PaO2
85-105mmgh
Pulse Ox
% of Hgb saturated with O2
Quicker than PaO2, but not 100% accurate
Check by taking manual pulse and compare
Factors that effect Pulse Ox reading
body temp.- hypothermic
Movement
Ambient light (not a problem with new models)
Skin pigmentation
Oxygen rich environment
> 40%
concentration can be measured with an O2 analyzer
Prolonged exposure at increased concentration can create toxicity
Sigs of O2 toxicity
Pulmonary edema Atalectisis Fibrosis Blindness Hemorrhage of the lungs
Short term methods of O2 delivery
Flow-by
Mask
Nasal prongs
Oxygen tent (oxy-hood)
Nasal prongs
no oxygen analyzer- never know O2 %
always add humidifier
apply ocular lubricant
Oxygen tent
Plastic bag or shower cap over E-Collar
can reach a very high concentration of O2 & CO2
Leave upper 1/3 open for release of CO2
Use O2 analyzer
Long term methods of O2 delivery
Nasal catheter
Intratracheal catheter
O2 cage
Nasal Catheter
red rubber cath measure placement give local anesthetic place as medial and ventral as possible suture/staple in place attach humidifier to tubing
Intratracheal catheter
Long term can use red rubber cath invasive surgically placed in trachea verify position with laryngoscope between 4th and 5th cartilage ring of trachea
O2 Cage
long term
control O2 concentration, heat/humidity, and disposal of CO2
Concern of overheating, no contact with patient, when door opens- O2 leaves
Uses of fluid therapy
maintain normal hydration replace losses fluid diuresis anesthesia replace deficits of IV volume
Total Body Water (TBW)
adult= 60% fluid neonate= 80% fluid
Intracellular fluid
adult= 40% of body weight
Extracellular fluid
circulate in vessels
adult= 20% of body weight
-interstitiel=15% (lymph fluid)
-vascular=5% (plasma)
Sensible fluid loss
can be measured
- urine
- blood
- vomit
- diarrhea
Insensible fluid loss
cannot be measured
- perspiration
- respiration
- fecal material
Crystalloids
water with sodium or glucose
also contains electrolytes
