Toxicology Flashcards
Cotinine
Other drugs of abuse
Amphentamine
Stimulants
Opiates
Narcotics
Nortriptyline
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Acetaminophen
Analgesics
Lysergic acid diethyl amide (LSD)
Hallucinogens
Desipramine
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Ketamine
Other drugs of abuse
MDMA (Ecstasy)
Stimulants
Benzodiazepines
Depressants
Cannabinoids (THC)
Hallucinogens
Imipramine
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Acetylsalicylic acid
Analgesics
Methadone
Narcotics
Cocaine
Stimulants
Short- and long acting barbiturates
Depressants
Phenothiazines
Other drugs of abuse
Amitriptyline
Tricyclic Antidepressants
Phencyclidine (PCP)
Hallucinogens
Buprenorphine
Narcotics
Methamphetamines
Stimulants
How does carbon monoxide poisoning cause cause its clinical effects?
Dosage makes a difference; it holds on to hemoglobin more than oxygen so it cannot transport oxygen
How do you calculate a percent alcohol concentration from a result of mg/dL?
- Divide alcohol (ETOH) in serum (mg/dL) by 1000
- Can use a breathalyzer result x 1000 = ETOH in mg/dL
toxic metabolite of ethanol
acetaldehyde
toxic metabolites of methanol
formaldehyde and formic acid
toxic metabolite of isopropanol
acetone
toxic metabolites of ethylene glycol
oxalic acid and formic acid
Osmolal gap, anion gap, metabolic acidosis, acetone, and urinary oxalate crystals results for:
-Methanol
O: increased/A: Increased/M:Present/Ace: Negative/Crys: None
Osmolal gap, anion gap, metabolic acidosis, acetone, and urinary oxalate crystals results for:
-Isopropanol
O: Increased/A: Normal/M: No/Ace: Positive/Crys:None
Osmolal gap, anion gap, metabolic acidosis, acetone, and urinary oxalate crystals results for:
-Ehanol
O: Increased/ A: Normal/ M: No/ Ace: Negative/ Crys: None
Osmolal gap, anion gap, metabolic acidosis, acetone, and urinary oxalate crystals results for:
-Ethylene glycol
O: Increased/ A: Increased/ M: Present/ Ace: Negative/ Crys: Present
In volatile ingestion the anion gap is _________ if metabolized to acids
increased
When metabolysis to acids occurs it lowers the ______
pH
Who is prone to aluminum toxicity?
Dialysis and renal failure patients
sources of lead in lead poisoning
heavy metal found in environment; lead based paint, dirt, lead crystal, lead pipes, ceramics
Biosynthetic pathway inhibited in lead poisoning
Heme synthesis
Five typical laboratory results seen in lead poisoning
increased blood lead, increased retics, basophilic stippling, increased Delta-ALA, and increased Zinc protoporphyrin
Enzyme that decreases in organophosphate and carbamate poisoning
acetylcholinesterase
six categories (plus maybe 1) of drugs of abuse
Stimulants, Depressants, Narcotics, Hallucinogens, Analgesics, Anti-depressants, (and Alcohol)
Sixteen drugs that are typically included in a drug of abuse urine screening test
Barbiturates, amphetamine, ecstasy, methadone, cotinine, phencyclidine, tricyclic antidepressants, propoxyphene, benzodiazepine, cocaine, methamphetamines, opiates, oxycodone, marijuana, ketamine, and buprenorphine
Names of commonly used opiates (8)
Morphine, codeine, propoxyphene, hydrocodone, meperidene, naloxone, heroin, and methadone
Screening (qualitative) tests for DOA (3)
immunoassays, “spot” urine tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC)
Confimatory (quantitative) tests for DOA (3)
gas-liquid chromatography (GLC), high performance liqoid chromatography (HPLC), GC-MS
