Liver Function

Question 1

blood vessel that conducts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.

Answer 1

Function of the portal vein

Question 2

a branch of the celiac artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver

Answer 2

Function of the hepatic artery

Question 3

low pressure vascular channels that receive blood from terminal branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein at the periphery of lobules and deliver it into central veins.

Answer 3

Function of sinusoids

Question 4

Its primary function is to collect and transport the bile produced by hepatocytes, or liver cells.

Answer 4

Functions of the bike canaliculi

Question 5

In a patient with liver disease, how will GLUCOSE change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 5

DECREASE

Question 6

In a patient with liver disease, how will ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 6

INCREASE

Question 7

In a patient with liver disease, how will ALBUMIN change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 7

DECREASED

Question 8

In a patient with liver disease, how will TRANSTHYRETIN change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 8

DECREASE

Question 9

In a patient with liver disease, how will IMMUNOGLOBULINS change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 9

DECREASE (abnormal)

Question 10

In a patient with liver disease, how will COAGULATION PROTEINS change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 10

DECREASE

Question 11

In a patient with liver disease, how will AMMONIA change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 11

INCREASE

Question 12

In a patient with liver disease, how will UREA change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 12

DECREASE

Question 13

In a patient with liver disease, how will CHOLESTEROL change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 13

Decreased

Question 14

In a patient with liver disease, how will LIPOPROTEINS change (increase or decrease)?

Answer 14

DECREASED

Question 15

Two hepatic mechanism for detoxification and excretion of xenobiotic materials and toxic metabolic products

Answer 15

excreted directly into the bile for fecal excretion or circulated to the kidney for renal excretion

Question 16

*

Answer 16

*

Question 17

Three functions of Kupffer cells

Answer 17

1. Store iron (vitamin A and other substances
2. Phagocytic action
3. Immune mechanism

Question 18

most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and also serve to characterize the pathogenicity of invading antigens

Answer 18

Functions of dendritic cells

Question 19

They store vitamin A in normal liver, limit fibrosis upon senescence, and secrete collagen upon liver damage

Answer 19

General functions of Stellate cells

Question 20

A patient with liver disease will have altered drug concentrations and ability to absorb and store vitamins…WHY?

Answer 20

*

Question 21

ESSAY

Metabolic degradation of hemoglobin including the final disposition of iron, heme, and globin

Answer 21

• Senescence of RBCs are picked up by the spleen, liver and bone marrow.
• RES breaks the RBCs down into heme and and globinand iron; heme goes on to bilirubin; globin returned to amino acid pool; and iron returns to the iron stores
• bilirubin leaves the RES as unconjugated bilirubin (toxic) and is taken up by the liver

Question 22

ESSAY

Metabolic conversion of heme to unconjugated bilirubin, then conjugated to bilirubin

Answer 22

• The hepatocyte conjugates the bilirubin by adding one or two glucuronide molecules via catalysis by UDP-Glucuronyl transferase and it enters the small intestine through the common bile duct
• Conjugated bilirubin has 3 fates
  1. 50% absorbed into plasma; of that 50%, 30% goes back to liver and 20% is filtered by the kidney as urinary urobilinogen then excreted as urobilin
  2. 50% is not reabsorbed and excreted as fecal urobilinogen —> urobilin

Question 23

Transport protein for unconjugated bilirubin

Answer 23

Albumin

Question 24

Formation of bilirubin mon- or diglucuronide (conjugated bilirubin), including the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction

Answer 24

Conjugated bilirubin is formed by conjugation with one or two glucuronide molecules via catalysis by UDP-glucuronyl transferase

Question 25

Structure in the hepatocyte into which conjugated bilirubin is secreted

Answer 25

Once conjugated, it is secreted into the common bile duct (bile canaliculus) on to the small intestine

Question 26

Formation, reabsorption, and urine/fecal excretion of urobilinogen

Answer 26

• Once in the intestine, conjugated bilirubin is transformed to urobilinogen.
• 50% is excreted as fecal urobilinogen
• Other 50% is reabsorbed into the plasma (30% back to liver, 20% is excreted as fecal urobilinogen