Liver Function Flashcards
blood vessel that conducts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver.
Function of the portal vein
a branch of the celiac artery that supplies oxygenated blood to the liver
Function of the hepatic artery
low pressure vascular channels that receive blood from terminal branches of the hepatic artery and portal vein at the periphery of lobules and deliver it into central veins.
Function of sinusoids
Its primary function is to collect and transport the bile produced by hepatocytes, or liver cells.
Functions of the bike canaliculi
In a patient with liver disease, how will GLUCOSE change (increase or decrease)?
DECREASE
In a patient with liver disease, how will ACUTE PHASE REACTANTS change (increase or decrease)?
INCREASE
In a patient with liver disease, how will ALBUMIN change (increase or decrease)?
DECREASED
In a patient with liver disease, how will TRANSTHYRETIN change (increase or decrease)?
DECREASE
In a patient with liver disease, how will IMMUNOGLOBULINS change (increase or decrease)?
DECREASE (abnormal)
In a patient with liver disease, how will COAGULATION PROTEINS change (increase or decrease)?
DECREASE
In a patient with liver disease, how will AMMONIA change (increase or decrease)?
INCREASE
In a patient with liver disease, how will UREA change (increase or decrease)?
DECREASE
In a patient with liver disease, how will CHOLESTEROL change (increase or decrease)?
Decreased
In a patient with liver disease, how will LIPOPROTEINS change (increase or decrease)?
DECREASED
Two hepatic mechanism for detoxification and excretion of xenobiotic materials and toxic metabolic products
excreted directly into the bile for fecal excretion or circulated to the kidney for renal excretion
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Three functions of Kupffer cells
- Store iron (vitamin A and other substances
- Phagocytic action
- Immune mechanism
most potent antigen-presenting cells of the immune system and also serve to characterize the pathogenicity of invading antigens
Functions of dendritic cells
They store vitamin A in normal liver, limit fibrosis upon senescence, and secrete collagen upon liver damage
General functions of Stellate cells
A patient with liver disease will have altered drug concentrations and ability to absorb and store vitamins…WHY?
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ESSAY
Metabolic degradation of hemoglobin including the final disposition of iron, heme, and globin
- Senescence of RBCs are picked up by the spleen, liver and bone marrow.
- RES breaks the RBCs down into heme and and globinand iron; heme goes on to bilirubin; globin returned to amino acid pool; and iron returns to the iron stores
- bilirubin leaves the RES as unconjugated bilirubin (toxic) and is taken up by the liver
ESSAY
Metabolic conversion of heme to unconjugated bilirubin, then conjugated to bilirubin
- The hepatocyte conjugates the bilirubin by adding one or two glucuronide molecules via catalysis by UDP-Glucuronyl transferase and it enters the small intestine through the common bile duct
- Conjugated bilirubin has 3 fates
1. 50% absorbed into plasma; of that 50%, 30% goes back to liver and 20% is filtered by the kidney as urinary urobilinogen then excreted as urobilin
2. 50% is not reabsorbed and excreted as fecal urobilinogen —> urobilin
Transport protein for unconjugated bilirubin
Albumin
Formation of bilirubin mon- or diglucuronide (conjugated bilirubin), including the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction
Conjugated bilirubin is formed by conjugation with one or two glucuronide molecules via catalysis by UDP-glucuronyl transferase
Structure in the hepatocyte into which conjugated bilirubin is secreted
Once conjugated, it is secreted into the common bile duct (bile canaliculus) on to the small intestine
Formation, reabsorption, and urine/fecal excretion of urobilinogen
- Once in the intestine, conjugated bilirubin is transformed to urobilinogen.
- 50% is excreted as fecal urobilinogen
- Other 50% is reabsorbed into the plasma (30% back to liver, 20% is excreted as fecal urobilinogen
