Body Fluids (Part 2) Flashcards

0
Q

high fluid volume in maternal diabetes mellitus, multifetal pregnancy, anencephaly, or spina bifida

A

Polyhydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Low fluid volume in intrauterine growth retardation and anomalies of the fetal urinary tract

A

Oligohydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3 Amniotic fluid tests used to assess fetal distress

A

1 Bilirubin spectral scan (Liley Plot)
2 Alpha Fetoprotein
3 DNA analysis for chromosomal abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the significance of an abnormal Liley Plot and what does it look like?

A

There is a sharp peak at 450nm which indicates Bilirubin in amniotic fluid. This will tell us how bad HDN is.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

assesses neural tube disorders; ex: spina bifida, anencephaly

A

Alpha Feto protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Four tests used to assess fetal lung maturity

A

1 Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
2 Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and Phosphatidylinositol (PI)
3 Foam Stability Index
4 Lamellar Body Counts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

An L/S ratio of >______ together with the presence of PG may suggest mature fetal lung development

A

2.0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

performed by mixing equal volumes of amniotic fluid with ethanol, followed by vigorous shaking. If foam is produced adequate surfactants are present.

A

The shake test, foam stability test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

An FSI greater than or equal to ______ correlates with fetal pulmonary maturity and is analogous to an L/S ratio of 2.0

A

0.48

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where surfactant is stored in cytoplasmic granules; counted on a hematology analyzer like platelets

A

Lamellar Body Counts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A value of _______ of lamellar body counts is considered “mature”

A

60,000

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Performed to diagnose cystic fibrosis, a value >60 mEq/L is bad

A

Sweat Chloride Analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Purpose is to induce sweat on electrodes in order to analyze chloride

A

Pilocarpine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Used to detect organisms at the alveolar level; usually Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) in HIV pateints

A

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Color of stool

-upper gastrointestinal bleeding, iron therapy, charcoal, bismuth

A

Black

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Color of stool

-Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, pyridium compounds, beets and food coloring, rifampin

A

Red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Color of stool

-Bile duct obstruction, barium

A

Pale yellow, white , gray

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Color of stool

-Bulky/Frothy

A

Steatorrhea; in pancreatic dysfunction or fat malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Stool

-Ribbonlike

A

Intestinal constriction

19
Q

Stool

-Mucous

A

Malignancy, colitis

20
Q

Conditions which can cause neutrophils (polys) to be present in stool

A

Ulcerative colitis, bacillary dysentery, ulcerative diverticulitis, intestinal tuberculosis, abscesses or fistulae

21
Q

Conditions which can cause the presence of muscle fibers in stool specimens

A

noted during fecal fat exam; correlates with impaired digestion and rapid intestinal transit time

22
Q

Diagnostic use and and principle for fecal occult blood analysis

A

Detects hidden blood; screening for colorectal screeing and for GI bleed

23
Q

Reagents used in fecal occult blood

A

peroxidase and pseudoperoxidase; Guaiac used as the most common indicator

24
increased reducing substances in this test indicate carbohydrate malabsorption (intolerance)
fecal Clinitest
25
The surface membrane which lines the organs
Visceral membrane
26
the surface membrane which lines the body wall
Parietal membrane
27
formed by the visceral and parietal membranes; the area between them contains the serous fluid
serous cavity
28
fluid from the thoracic area
pleural fluid
29
surgical puncture of the chest wall, done to obtain pleural fluid
thoracentesis
30
pus in the pleural cavity
empyema
31
fluid secreted by cells of the peritoneum
peritoneal fluid
32
aspiration of fluid from a cavity (in general)
paracentesis
33
comes from the latin for "bag" and describes the bloated abdomen from patient affected with massive accumulation of peritoneal fluid
ascites
34
fluid around the heart
pericardial fluid
35
whole blood in the pleural cavities
hemothorax
36
accumulation of lymph (chyle) in the body cavities
chylous effusion
37
bloody fluid which can come from a traumatic tap, malignancy, pulmonary infarction, trauma, pancreatitis, TB, but usually malignancy.
Hemorrhagic fluid
38
Visceral membrance is also known as the ________
Peritoneum
39
a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections
amniocentesis
40
membrane that covers the embryo and fills with amniotic fluid creating the amniotic sac
amnion
41
membrane that exists during pregnancy between developing fetus and mother
chorion
42
membrane enclosing the fetus; afterbirth; plexus in the ventricles of the brain where CSF is produced
choroid plexus
43
protein produced by fetal cells, found at the interface of the chorion and decidua; adhesive that binds the fetal sac to the uterine lining
Fetal fibronectin
44
this fluid is found in its highest concentration in the eyes and joints
hyaluronic acid