Body Fluids (Part 2)

Question 0

high fluid volume in maternal diabetes mellitus, multifetal pregnancy, anencephaly, or spina bifida

Answer 0

Polyhydramnios

Question 1

Low fluid volume in intrauterine growth retardation and anomalies of the fetal urinary tract

Answer 1

Oligohydramnios

Question 2

3 Amniotic fluid tests used to assess fetal distress

Answer 2

1 Bilirubin spectral scan (Liley Plot)
2 Alpha Fetoprotein
3 DNA analysis for chromosomal abnormalities

Question 3

What is the significance of an abnormal Liley Plot and what does it look like?

Answer 3

There is a sharp peak at 450nm which indicates Bilirubin in amniotic fluid. This will tell us how bad HDN is.

Question 4

assesses neural tube disorders; ex: spina bifida, anencephaly

Answer 4

Alpha Feto protein

Question 5

Four tests used to assess fetal lung maturity

Answer 5

1 Lecithin/Sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio
2 Phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and Phosphatidylinositol (PI)
3 Foam Stability Index
4 Lamellar Body Counts

Question 6

An L/S ratio of >______ together with the presence of PG may suggest mature fetal lung development

Answer 6

2.0

Question 7

performed by mixing equal volumes of amniotic fluid with ethanol, followed by vigorous shaking. If foam is produced adequate surfactants are present.

Answer 7

The shake test, foam stability test

Question 8

An FSI greater than or equal to ______ correlates with fetal pulmonary maturity and is analogous to an L/S ratio of 2.0

Answer 8

0.48

Question 9

Where surfactant is stored in cytoplasmic granules; counted on a hematology analyzer like platelets

Answer 9

Lamellar Body Counts

Question 10

A value of _______ of lamellar body counts is considered “mature”

Answer 10

60,000

Question 11

Performed to diagnose cystic fibrosis, a value >60 mEq/L is bad

Answer 11

Sweat Chloride Analysis

Question 12

Purpose is to induce sweat on electrodes in order to analyze chloride

Answer 12

Pilocarpine

Question 13

Used to detect organisms at the alveolar level; usually Pneumocystis jirovecii (carinii) in HIV pateints

Answer 13

Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL)

Question 14

Color of stool

-upper gastrointestinal bleeding, iron therapy, charcoal, bismuth

Answer 14

Black

Question 15

Color of stool

-Lower gastrointestinal bleeding, pyridium compounds, beets and food coloring, rifampin

Answer 15

Red

Question 16

Color of stool

-Bile duct obstruction, barium

Answer 16

Pale yellow, white , gray

Question 17

Color of stool

-Bulky/Frothy

Answer 17

Steatorrhea; in pancreatic dysfunction or fat malabsorption

Question 18

Stool

-Ribbonlike

Answer 18

Intestinal constriction

Question 19

Stool

-Mucous

Answer 19

Malignancy, colitis

Question 20

Conditions which can cause neutrophils (polys) to be present in stool

Answer 20

Ulcerative colitis, bacillary dysentery, ulcerative diverticulitis, intestinal tuberculosis, abscesses or fistulae

Question 21

Conditions which can cause the presence of muscle fibers in stool specimens

Answer 21

noted during fecal fat exam; correlates with impaired digestion and rapid intestinal transit time

Question 22

Diagnostic use and and principle for fecal occult blood analysis

Answer 22

Detects hidden blood; screening for colorectal screeing and for GI bleed

Question 23

Reagents used in fecal occult blood

Answer 23

peroxidase and pseudoperoxidase; Guaiac used as the most common indicator

Question 24

increased reducing substances in this test indicate carbohydrate malabsorption (intolerance)

Answer 24

fecal Clinitest

Question 25

The surface membrane which lines the organs

Answer 25

Visceral membrane

Question 26

the surface membrane which lines the body wall

Answer 26

Parietal membrane

Question 27

formed by the visceral and parietal membranes; the area between them contains the serous fluid

Answer 27

serous cavity

Question 28

fluid from the thoracic area

Answer 28

pleural fluid

Question 29

surgical puncture of the chest wall, done to obtain pleural fluid

Answer 29

thoracentesis

Question 30

pus in the pleural cavity

Answer 30

empyema

Question 31

fluid secreted by cells of the peritoneum

Answer 31

peritoneal fluid

Question 32

aspiration of fluid from a cavity (in general)

Answer 32

paracentesis

Question 33

comes from the latin for “bag” and describes the bloated abdomen from patient affected with massive accumulation of peritoneal fluid

Answer 33

ascites

Question 34

fluid around the heart

Answer 34

pericardial fluid

Question 35

whole blood in the pleural cavities

Answer 35

hemothorax

Question 36

accumulation of lymph (chyle) in the body cavities

Answer 36

chylous effusion

Question 37

bloody fluid which can come from a traumatic tap, malignancy, pulmonary infarction, trauma, pancreatitis, TB, but usually malignancy.

Answer 37

Hemorrhagic fluid

Question 38

Visceral membrance is also known as the ________

Answer 38

Peritoneum

Question 39

a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections

Answer 39

amniocentesis

Question 40

membrane that covers the embryo and fills with amniotic fluid creating the amniotic sac

Answer 40

amnion

Question 41

membrane that exists during pregnancy between developing fetus and mother

Answer 41

chorion

Question 42

membrane enclosing the fetus; afterbirth; plexus in the ventricles of the brain where CSF is produced

Answer 42

choroid plexus

Question 43

protein produced by fetal cells, found at the interface of the chorion and decidua; adhesive that binds the fetal sac to the uterine lining

Answer 43

Fetal fibronectin

Question 44

this fluid is found in its highest concentration in the eyes and joints

Answer 44

hyaluronic acid