Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Chemistry Module 2 > Liver Function (Part 2) > Flashcards

Liver Function (Part 2) Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Chemistry 101 flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
0
Q

ESSAY
Pre-Hepatic jaundice
-Four specific causes

A

Hemolysis, ineffective erythropoiesis, increased turnover of non hemoglobin heme compounds, hematoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

ESSAY
Pre-hepatic jaundice
-general cause

A

any process that causes premature RBC destruction and increased production of unconjugated bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ESSAY
Pre-hepatic jaundice
-explanation of typical serum total, unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin levels, urine bilirubin level, fecal and urine urobilinogen levels (increased or decreased)

A

unconjugated: increased; conjugated: Normal; urine bilirubin: Neg/normal; fecal and urine urobilinogen: increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ESSAY
Post-hepatic jaundice
-General cause

A

caused by any process that prevents excretion of conjugated bilirubin (biliary obstructive disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ESSAY
Post-hepatic jaundice
-Three specific causes

A

Ductal occlusion by stones, spasms or strictures, compression by neoplastic diseases (tumors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

ESSAY
Post-hepatic jaundice
-Explanation of typical serum total, unconjugated and conjugated bilirubin, urine bilirubin level, fecal and urine urobilinogen levels (increased or decreased)

A

Serum total: increased; unconjugated: Normal; conjugated: increased; urine bili: positive; fecal and urine urobili: decreased to absent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ESSAY
Post-Hepatic jaundice
-four enzymes that are elevated to a significant degree

A

ALP, GGT, LAP, 5’-NT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

In hepatic (hepatocellular) jaundice the hepatocyte itself is sick; which functions are impaired?

A

Normal functions of uptake, conjugation, and/or excretion of bilirubin are impaired

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ESSAY
Hepatocellular Disease
-Causes

A

all 3 processes (uptake, conjugation, and exretion of bilirubin) are impaired
Most common cause is HEPATITIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ESSAY
Hepatocellular Disease
-1 Expected serum total, 2 unconjugated, and 3 conjugated bilirubin levels

A

1 increased 2 increased 3 increased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

ESSAY
Hepatocellular Disease
-Urine bilirubin level

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ESSAY
Hepatocellular Disease
-fecal and urine urobilinogen levels

A

normal to decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

ESSAY
Hepatocellular Disease
-Elevated enzymes in hepatitis

A

AST, ALT (ALT>AST), ALP, LD4/LD5, ammonia

Remember cannot detoxify ammonia to urea so the BUN will be low!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

ESSAY
Gilbert’s Disease
-Causes

A

Pre-conjugation transport failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

ESSAY
Gilbert’s Disease
-1 serum total, 2 unconjugated, and 3 conjugated bilirubin

A

1 increased 2 increased 3 decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ESSAY
Gilbert’s Disease
-urine bilirubin

A

Negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ESSAY
Gilbert’s Disease
-fecal and urine urobili

A

decreased (normal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ESSAY
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
-causes

A

conjugation failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

ESSAY
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
-expected 1 serum total, 2 unconj, and 3 conj

A

1 increased 2 increased 3 decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

ESSAY
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
-urine bili

A

NEgative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ESSAY
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
-fecal and urine urobili

A

decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ESSAY
Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
-Causes

A

Conjugation failure (common/normal), liver not yet producing UDP-glucuronyl transferase yet b/c immature

22
Q

ESSAY
Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
-1 serum total, 2 unconjugated, 3 conjugated

A

1* 2 increased 3 NONE

23
Q

ESSAY
Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
-Urine bili levels

A

*

24
Q

ESSAY
Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
-fecal and urine urobilinogen levels

A

*

25
Q

ESSAY
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
-Causes

A

Post-Conjugation transport failure

26
Q

ESSAY
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
-1 serum total, 2 unconjugated, and 3 conjugated

A

1 increased 2 normal 3 increased

27
Q

ESSAY
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
-urine bili level

A

positive

28
Q

ESSAY
Dubin-Johnson Syndrome
-fecal and urine urobilin levels

A

decreased/normal

29
Q

Specific range of total bilirubin levels in the blood at which jaundice is observed

A

> 2.0-3.0 mg/dL

30
Q

7 clinical manifestations of liver disease

A

jaundice, portal hypertension, hepatic failure/encephalopathy, altered drug metabolism, disordered hemostasis, endocrine abnormalities, and immunoglobulin abnormalities

31
Q

Causes of toxic hepatitis

A

acetamenophen, heavy metals, drugs, poison causing liver necrosis

32
Q

Fecal-oral transmission; infection is often transmitted in restaurants or households

A

Hepatitis A

33
Q

Routes of transmission of this disease include heterosexual sex, homosexual sex, mother to child, sharing needles, receipt of blood products, and needlestick injury

A

Hepatitis B

34
Q

Routes of transmission of this disease include blood transfusions, sharing of needles, mother to baby, body piercing, tattooing, and unprotected sex with multiple partners

A

Hepatitis C

35
Q

This disease coexists with Hep B and shares similar routes of transmission

A

Hepatitis D

36
Q

This disease is transmitted by fecal-oral route; raw sewage can spread this disease to contaminate food and drinking water

A

Hepatitis E

37
Q

This virus can live in humans without causing infection; can act as a co-infection with Hep C in order to show symptoms

A

Hepatitis G

38
Q

a two-phase illness associated with a previous viral illness (flu, cold, chicken pox, etc) for which aspirin or salicylate-containing medications were given

A

Reye’s Syndrome

39
Q

In Reye’s Syndrome, abnormal accumulations of fat develop in the _____, along with a severe increase of pressure in the brain

A

Liver

40
Q

Symptoms of Reye’s Syndrome as it progresses

A

viral illness, repetitive vomiting, lethargy, delirium, decorticate coma, decerebrate coma, flaccid coma; unless diagnosed and treated successfully, death is common within a few days or a few hours

41
Q

4 lab results that are increased in Reye’s Syndrome

A

ALT/AST, PLASMA AMMONIA, hypoglycemia in infants, and fatty deposits in liver

42
Q

Seven causes of cirrhosis

A

Viral Hep B or Hep C, toxic alcohol or methotrexate administration, Wilson’s Disease, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, and hemochomatosis

43
Q

Metal involved in Wilson’s Disease

A

Copper

44
Q

Results in deposits of copper in brain, liver, kidney, and cornea; neurological degeneration; cirrhosis; and Kayser-Fleischer Rings

A

Wilson’s Disease

45
Q

Expected 1 plasma cerulopasmin, 2 serum copper levels, and 3 urine copper levels in Wilson’s Disease

A

1 decreased 2 increased 3 increased

46
Q

Metal involved in primary hemochomatosis

A

Iron

47
Q

Expected 1 iron, 2 ferritin, 3 and total iron binding capacity in primary hemochomatosis

A

1 increased 2 increased 3 decreased

48
Q

Treatment of primary hemochromatosis

A

Therapeutic phlebotomy

49
Q

autoimmune etiology; many patients have AMA’s (anti-mitochondrial antibodies), damage in bile duct causing scarring and altered immunity; itching, weight loss, fatigue; primarily in women 40-60

A

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis

50
Q

Inflammation and scarring of the bile ducts; primarily in males 20-30; associated with ulcerative colitis

A

Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis

51
Q

Neonatal (physiologic) jaundice is a transient, ________ occurence

A

NORMAL

52
Q

Significance of Neonatal jaundice

A

reaction of mother’s milk due to immature liver; can cause kernicterus, infiltrating the brain and causing severe damage

53
Q

Treatment for neonatal jaundice

A

discontinue breast feeding, treat with UV light source (phototherapy), exchange transfusion in extreme cases

Chemistry Module 2 (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions