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Year 2- GIT > Tour of Alimentary Canal > Flashcards

Tour of Alimentary Canal Flashcards

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1
Q

Which two tracts make up the digestive system?

A

Alimentary tract
GI tract

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2
Q

Which accessory organs make up the digestive system?

A

Salivary glands
Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder

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3
Q

Where does the GI tract start and end?

A

Start- mouth
End- anus

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4
Q

Describe the pathway through the body of the GI tract.

A

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus.

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5
Q

What are the four main functions of the digestive system?

A

Digestion
Secretion
Absorption
Motility

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6
Q

What is meant by digestion?

A

Breaking down of food into substances which our bodies can absorb.

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7
Q

What is meant by digestive absorption?

A

The passage of the end products of digestion from the GI tract into the blood and lymphatics.

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8
Q

Which processes can absorption be carried out by?

A

Active transport or diffusion

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9
Q

What is meant by secretion?

A

Process by which substances are produced and removed by a cell, gland or organ, either to have a function or to be excreted

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10
Q

Define motility.

A

The ability of an organism to move independently

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11
Q

Which type of energy does motility require?

A

Metabolic energy

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12
Q

Describe what happens in the mouth in digestive system.

A

Food broken down by chewing and saliva added as lubricant

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13
Q

How does the food travel between the mouth and the stomach?

A

The oesophagus

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14
Q

Describe what happens in the stomach in the digestive system.

A

Digestion of proteins
Storage
Sterilisation

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15
Q

What role does the pancreas have in digestion?

A

Produces digestive enzymes for the digestion of fats, carbs and proteins

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16
Q

What role does the liver have in digestion?

A

Produces bile salts for the digestion/absorption of fats in the small intestine.

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17
Q

What is the role of the gallbladder?

A

Stores and concentrates bile.

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18
Q

What happens in the small intestine during digestion?

A

Final stages of nutrient absorption and chemical digestion.

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19
Q

What happens in the large intestine during digestion?

A

Water absorption
Bacterial fermentation
Formation of faeces

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20
Q

Briefly describe the structure of the alimentary canal.

A

Continuous hollow tube, varying in diameter.

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21
Q

How long in the alimentary canal approx?

A

8 meters

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22
Q

Name the four distinct layers (tunics) of the alimentary canal.

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia/serosa

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23
Q

Name the three types of mucosa found in the alimentary canal.

A

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis muscosae

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24
Q

What forms the lining of the abdominal cavity?

A

Peritoneum, a type of serous membrane

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25
Q

When is the connective tissue layer known as adventitia?

A

When it is found outside the peritoneal cavity

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26
Q

When is the connective tissue layer known as serosa?

A

When it is found inside the peritoneal cavity

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27
Q

Name the two layers of the muscularis externa.

A

Circular muscle layer
Longitudal muscle layer

28
Q

Where in the digestive system would you find stratified squamous epithelium?

A

Mouth, oesophagus, anal canal.

->these parts of the system tend to have bulkier products in them so more than one layer of epithelium is required to protect from friction :)

29
Q

Where in the digestive system would you find simple columnar epithelium?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

-> the columnar epithelium has cilia which helps with movement through the intestines :)

30
Q

What type of tissue makes up the lamina propria?

A

Loose connective tissue

31
Q

Which other features does the lamina propria contain?

A

Glands
Blood/lymph vessels

32
Q

Which type of muscle makes up the Muscularis mucosae layer?

A

Smooth muscle

33
Q

Which layer of the alimentary canal has a nerve and blood supply?

A

Submucosa

34
Q

Name the nerve plexus which is found between the circular and longitudal layers of the muscularis.

A

Myenteric plexus

35
Q

Name the nerve plexus found between the submucusal layer and the circular muscularis.

A

Submucosal plexus

36
Q

What is the main function of the epithelium in the mucosa?

A

Acts as a barrier which separates the lumen of the alimentary canal from the body.

37
Q

Mucosa also has a role in the synthesis and secretion of what?

A

Digestive enzymes
Hormones
Mucus

38
Q

Why do the intestines and stomach have simple columnar epithelium?

A

Helps with absorption of food
Has thick layers to protect from digestive juices.

39
Q

What type of tissue makes up the submucosa?

A

Irregular CT

40
Q

Where in the body would you find submucosal glands?

A

Oesophagus
Duodenum

41
Q

Are the nerves in the submucosal plexus sympathetic or parasympathetic?

A

Parasympathetic

42
Q

What does the circular layer of the muscularis do to the lumen of the alimentary canal?

A

Constricts it

43
Q

What does the longitudal layer of the muscularis do to the lumen of the alimentary canal?

A

Shortens it

44
Q

What does the constriction and shortening of the lumen of the alimentary canal allow for?

A

Motility

45
Q

Describe the difference between segmentation and peristalsis.

A

????????????????????????????

46
Q

Which plexuses make up the enteric nervous system?

A

Myenteric plexus
Submucosal plexus

47
Q

Which nerve provides most of the parasympathetic innervation to the alimentary tract?

A

Vagus nerve

48
Q

Which never provides most of the sympathetic innervation to the alimentary tract?

A

Splanctic nerve

49
Q

Which two nerves provide parasympathetic innervation for the process of salivation?

A

Facial nerve
Glossopharyngeal nerve

50
Q

What effect does parasympathetic innervation have on the alimentary function?

A

Increases secretion and motility

51
Q

Does the parasympathetic innervation have a inhibitory or stimulating effect on the alimentary system?

A

Stimulating

52
Q

Does the sympathetic innervation have a inhibitory or stimulating effect on the alimentary system?

A

Inhibitory- except for salivation

53
Q

What effect does sympathetic innervation have on the alimentary function?

A

Decreases motility and secretion

54
Q

After eating, which type of innervation will be working harder?

A

Parasympathetic

->this is why you have to wait between eating and exercising, you are too relaxed and if running, you need to sympathetic NS to be working more effectively :)

55
Q

What supplies the blood to the GIT?

A

Descending abdominal aorta

56
Q

Name the three branches coming off the descending abdominal aorta

A

Superior mesenteric artery
Inferior mesenteric artery
Celiac trunk

57
Q

Where will the celiac trunk supply blood to?

A

Stomach
Small intestine
Pancreas
Liver

58
Q

Where will the superior mesenteric artery supply blood to?

A

Small intestine
Caecum
Ascending colon
Transverse colon

59
Q

Where will the inferior mesenteric artery supply blood to?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum

60
Q

What is the venous draining for the stomach via?

A

Gastric veins

61
Q

What is the venous draining for the pancreas via?

A

Splenic vein

62
Q

What is the venous draining for the descending colon, sigmoid colon
and rectum via?

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

63
Q

What is the venous draining for the small intestine
caecum, ascending colon, transverse colon via?

A

Superior mesenteric vein

64
Q

What do the gastric veins, splenic veins, inferior mesenteric veins and the superior mesenteric veins all form together?

A

Hepatic portal vein

65
Q

What does the hepatic portal vein do?

A

Carries all the blood from the GIT to the liver

66
Q

After the blood has left the liver, which veins takes it and where?

A

Hepatic vein takes it to inferior vena cava

67
Q
A

Year 2- GIT (37 decks)

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