Tough drugs Flashcards
Menatetrone:
- MOA
- Indication
MOA: Vitamin K2
Indication: used for MDS in cats, may promote cellular differentiation
Ranolazine
- MOA
- Indication
- SE
- Containdication
- Inhibits late sodium channels in heart muscle
- Indication: Potential treatment for A fib
Ivabradine
- MOA
- Indication
- Inhibits nodal tissue via I-f (funny) channel, an Na-K inward current
- Negative chronotrope at the SA without negative inotropy
Metyrapone
- MOA
- Indication
- 11B hydroxylase inhibitor (which converts deoxycortisol to cortisol)
- Potential Cushings treatment
Aminoglutethimide
- MOA
- Indication
- side effects
- Inhibits cholesterol to pregnenolone conversion as well as multiple other steroid hormone pathways
- Cushings
- Side effects: GI signs and liver enzyme elevations
Sacubitril/Valsartan
Sacubitril inhibits neprilysin, an enzyme which degrades natriuretic peptides
Valsartan: Angiotensin receptor antagonist
Together; antihypertensive
Phentolamine
- MOA
- Indication
Short acting alpha blocker
Indication: intraoperative hypertension from phaeochromocytoma
Benzimadozole
- MOA
- Indication
- nitroimidazole anti-parasitic (drug family same as metronidazole)
- Trypanosoma cruzi
Methotrexate
- MOA
- Indication
- Side effects
- MOA: inhibits folic acid reductase and therefore production of purine and pyrimidines. Anti-neoplastic and potential use as a immunosuppressant
- Indication: mentioned as an option in the management of glomerulonephritis of immune origin
- Side effects: GI upset, Bone marrow suppression, Nephrotoxicity, CNS toxicity
Vancomycin
- Drug class
- MOA
- Side effects
- Indication
- Glycoprotein
- Inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis by binding to amino acids and also affects bacterial RNA synthesis
- Side effects: Nephrotoxicity, Ototoxicity
- Indication: Gram +ve only. Reserved for life threatening MDR Staph or Enterococcus
Fosfomycin
- Drug class
- MOA
- Side effects
- Indication
Drug class: Synthetic phosphoric acid derivative
Inhibits bacterial phosphooenolpyruvate which is required for bacterial cell wall synthesis
Side effects: NEPHROTOXIC IN CATS (do not use). Diarrhoea in dogs.
Indication: MDR UTI, urinary excretion
Linezolid
- Class
- MOA
- Side effects
- oxazolidinone antibiotic (restricted use; important in people)
- binds to the bacterial 23S ribosomal RNA of the 50S subunit resulting in inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis. Linezolid prevents the formation of the 70S initiation complex needed for the bacterial translation process.
- Side effects: Anaemia, thrombocytopenia. potentially GI
Isoniazid
- Indication
- MOA
- Side effects
May be used for chemo prophylaxis for animals housed with people with TB; may also be used as part of treatment for M bovis and M tuberculosis in dogs.
MOA: Inhibits mycobacterial cell wall synthesis
Side effects: Hepatotoxicity, CNS signs and thrombocytopenia.
Clofazamine
- Indication
- MOA
- Side effects
Antimycobacterial; may be used for M avium infections
Binds to mycobacterial DNA and inhibits growth
