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Musculoskeletal > TOS > Flashcards

TOS Flashcards

1
Q

What structures cause Thoracic outlet syndrome if they are compressed or have tension on them? Which one is more common?

A
  1. brachial plexus*** (90% of cases)
  2. subclavian vein
  3. subclavian artery
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2
Q

(true/false) TOS is a common pathology

A

FALSE

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3
Q

What are the 3 common entrapment sites?

A
  1. interscalene triangle
  2. costoclavicular space
  3. sub-pectoralis minor space
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4
Q

What are the borders of the interscalene triangle?

A
  • anterior scalene (anterior border)
  • middle scalene (posterior border)
  • 1st rib (inferior border
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5
Q

What passes through the interscalene triangle?

A

subclavian artery and brachial plexus

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6
Q

What are the borders of the costoclavicular space?

A
  • clavicle ( anterior border)
  • 1st rib (posteromedial border)
  • superior border of the scapula (posterolateral border)
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7
Q

What structures pass through the costoclavicular space?

A
  • brachial plexus
  • subclavian artery
  • subclavian vein
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8
Q

Where is the sub-pectoralis minor space located?

A
  • below the coracoid process/under pec minor’s insertion
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9
Q

What structures pass through the sub-pectoralis minor space?

A
  • brachial plexus
  • subclavian artery
  • subclavian vein
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10
Q

Who is at a higher risk of getting TOS?

A

Females
20-50 y/o
pts with elevated 1st ribs
pts with a FWD head and rounded shoulder posture

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11
Q

What is the common symptom presentation of TOS brachial plexus compression?

A
  • numbness/tingling into 4th/5th digit of the hand
  • numbness/tingling at night and during activity
  • hand/arm weakness with overload reaching
  • vague pain in hand, elbow, shoulder, or cervical spine
  • complaints of swelling sensation in the arm when there is no swelling present
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12
Q

What type of TOS compression is most common?

A

brachial plexus compression (90% of cases)

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13
Q

What is the common symptom presentation of TOS arterial compression (3/4 of cases)?

A
  • loss of radial pulse at rest
  • coldness/pallor of arm and hand
  • fatigue of UE
  • tender lump or pulsating subclavian artery in the costoclavicular space
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14
Q

What is the common symptom presentation of TOS venous compression (6-7% of cases)?

A
  • swelling of UE
  • cyanosis of UE
  • arm discomfort
  • symptoms increasing with repetitive use of UE
  • distended superficial veins in the arm or chest
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15
Q

What is the precipitating factor of venous compression with TOS?

A

excessive use of the UE ( mostly with working overhead)

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Musculoskeletal (23 decks)

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