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Musculoskeletal > shoulder complex Introduction > Flashcards

shoulder complex Introduction Flashcards

1
Q

Shoulder movements involve motion of ___ joints of the shoulder complex.

A

ALL

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2
Q

What bones make up the shoulder complex?

A
  • scapula
  • humerus
  • clavicle
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3
Q

What are the joints of the shoulder complex?

A
  • GH joint
  • AC joint
  • sternoclavicular joint
  • scapulothoracic joint
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4
Q

What structures provide passive stability to the shoulder complex?

A

ligaments and joint capsules

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5
Q

What structures provide active stability to the shoulder complex?

A

muscles and tension

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6
Q

(true/false) proper mobility of the T-spine, CT junction, and ribs 1-3 are NOT crucial for normal shoulder movement to occur.

A

false

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7
Q

The humeral head is angles (anteriorly/posteriorly) by ___-___ degrees.

A

posteriorly, 30-40

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8
Q

The glenoid fossa only covers __-__ of the humeral head surface area.

A

1/3 to 1/4

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9
Q

The glenoid fossa becomes ___% deeper with the labrum

A

50%

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10
Q

The fibers of the long head of the biceps tendon attach to the ___ aspect of the labrum.

A

superior

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11
Q

What are strong anterior stabilizers of the shoulder? What do they do?

A

GH ligaments… prevents anterior displacement of Humeral head

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12
Q

What motions are the GH ligaments taut in?

A

ER

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13
Q

What does the superior GH ligament do?

A

provides passive stability w/ arm by side in ADD

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14
Q

What does the middle GH ligament do?

A

Provides passive stability w/ shoulder in combined FLX and ER

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15
Q

What does the inferior GH ligament do?

A

prevents anterior and posterior dislocations of the humeral head

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16
Q

What is the primary stabilizing ligament for overhead athletes?

A

inferior GH ligament

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17
Q

The anterior band of the GH ligament is the primary stabilizer (taut) at ___ degrees of ABD

A

45

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18
Q

The posterior band of the GH ligament is the primary stabilizer (taut) at ___ degrees of ABD

A

90

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19
Q

The coracohumeral ligament blends with the _____.

A

subscapularis muscle on the lesser tuberosity

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20
Q

What does the coracohumeral ligament do?

A

Helps restrain excessive FLX and EXT of the shoulder

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21
Q

What ligament forms the tunnel for the long head of biceps tendon?

A

coracohumeral ligament

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22
Q

What ligament is called “the roof of the shoulder?”

A

coracoacromial ligament

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23
Q

What does the coracoacromial ligament do?

A

helps stabilize the AC joint and prevents AC joint separation

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24
Q

Where does the supraspinatus tendon most commonly gets pinched?

A

coracoacromial ligament

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25
Q

definition: the space between the coracoacromial ligament and humeral head

A

supra-humeral space

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26
Q

What structures pass through the supra-humeral space?

A
  • long head of biceps tendon
  • Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis tendons
  • subdeltoid and subacromial bursae
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27
Q

The supra-humeral space is roughly ___ mm in height when the arm is ADD by the side.

A

10 mm

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28
Q

The supra-humeral space (increases/decreases) during arm elevation.

A

decreases (narrowest between 60-120 degrees of ELEV)

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29
Q

The supra-humeral space (increases/decreases) during arm elevation with IR.

A

decreases

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30
Q

The supra-humeral space (increases/decreases/maintains itself) during arm elevation with ER.

A

maintains itself

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31
Q

There are ___ bursae in the shoulder complex

A

12

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32
Q

What is the largest bursa?

A

subdeltoid bursa

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33
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of GH ABD.

A

HH rolls superiorly and glides inferiorly

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34
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of GH ADD

A

HH rolls inferiorly and glides superiorly

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35
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of GH FLX/EXT

A

HH spins in the glenoid fossa

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36
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of GH IR

A

HH rolls anteriorly and glides posteriorly

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37
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of GH ER

A

HH rolls posteriorly and glides anteriorly

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38
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of GH Horizontal ABD

A

HH rolls anteromedially and glides posterolaterally

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39
Q

Describe the arthrokinematics of GH Horizontal ADD

A

HH rolls posterolaterally and glides anteromedially

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40
Q

What is the open packed position of the GH joint?

A

55 degrees ABD
30 degrees Horiz. ADD in scapular plane

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41
Q

What is the closed packed position of the GH joint?

A

full humeral ADD and ER

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42
Q

Pure motion occurring at the GH joint is assessed ____ with the scapula stabilized.

A

passively

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43
Q

definition: resist the superiorly directed force of the deltoid during ELEV.

A

RTC muscles

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44
Q

What is the most common RTC muscle to be injured?

A

supraspinatus

45
Q

Insertion of the supraspinatus

A

Superior facet of greater tuberosity

46
Q

INNV of supraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

47
Q

Action of supraspinatus

A

ABD
compression of HH into the glenoid during AROM

48
Q

What RTC muscle most commonly has hypertonicity?

A

infraspinatus

49
Q

Insertion of infraspinatus

A

middle facet of greater tuberosity

50
Q

INNV of infraspinatus

A

suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)

51
Q

Action of infraspinatus

A

ER
compression of HH during AROM

52
Q

Origin of teres minor

A

lateral border of scapula

53
Q

insertion of teres minor

A

inferior facet of greater tuberosity

54
Q

INNV of teres minor

A

axillary nerve (C5-C6)

55
Q

Action of teres minor

A

ER
compression of HH during AROM

56
Q

Insertion of subscapularis

A

lesser tuberosity

57
Q

INNV of subscapularis

A

subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

58
Q

action of subscapularis

A

IR
compression of HH in AROM

59
Q

Internal rotators of the shoulder produce ___x as much force as external rotators

A

2x

60
Q

Weakness in ___ muscles is a hallmark sign of a RTC pathology in clinical prediction rules.

A

external rotator

61
Q

The deltoid creates a ___ force on the HH during shoulder ELEV.

A

superior

62
Q

If a person is lacking RTC strength or motor control, the HH will translate ___ and can pinch structures in the supra-humeral space.

A

superiorly

63
Q

Opposing forces of the trapezius and serratus anterior muscles allow for ____.

A

scapular UR

64
Q

What muscles perform shoulder ABD from 90-180 degrees?

A

serratus anterior, trapezius

65
Q

What muscles perform shoulder flexion from 0-90 degrees?

A

anterior deltoid
coracobrachialis
pec major

66
Q

What muscles perform shoulder FLX from 90-180 degrees?

A

serratus anterior and trapezius

67
Q

origin of deltoid

A

clavicle
acromion
spine of scapula

68
Q

insertion of deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity

69
Q

INNV of deltoid

A

Axillary nerve

70
Q

Action of deltoid

A

ABD
superior translation of HH

71
Q

Action of the anterior deltoid

A

IR and ABD

72
Q

Action of the posterior deltoid

A

ER and ABD

73
Q

origin of long head of biceps

A

supraglenoid tubercle

74
Q

insertion of long head of biceps

A

radial tuberosity

75
Q

INNV of long head of biceps

A

musculocutaneous nerve

76
Q

Action of long head of biceps

A

FLX and SUP

77
Q

what is a common source of anterior shoulder pain?

A

long head of biceps

78
Q

What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?

A

SP of T7-T12
thoracolumbar fascia
ribs 9-12
iliac crest
inferior scapular angle

79
Q

insertion of the latissimus dorsi

A

floor of bicipital groove

80
Q

INNV of latissimus dorsi

A

thoracodorsal nerve (C6-C8)

81
Q

action of latissimus dorsi

A

EXT
ADD
IR

Assists:
Scapular DEP
scapular RET
downward ROT

82
Q

The latissimus dorsi can limit shoulder ___,___ and ___ if it is tight.

A

FLX, ER, ABD

83
Q

origin of teres major

A

inferior 1/3 of lateral border of scapula

84
Q

insertion of teres major

A

medial lip of bicipital groove

85
Q

INNV of teres major

A

lower subscapular nerve (C5-C6)

86
Q

action of teres major

A

EXT
ADD
IR

87
Q

What muscle tips the scapula anteriorly if it is tightened?

A

teres major

88
Q

Origin of pec minor

A

coracoid process of scapula

89
Q

insertion of pec minor

A

anterior surface of ribs 3-5

90
Q

INNV of pec minor

A

Medial pectoral nerve (C6-C8)

91
Q

Action of pec minor

A

Stabilizes scapular by drawing it anteroinferiorly against the thoracic wall

92
Q

If the pec minor is tight, it can limit end-range shoulder ____.

A

ELEV

93
Q

origin of serratus anterior

A

ribs 1-8

94
Q

insertion of serratus anterior

A

medial border of scapula

95
Q

INNV of serratus anterior

A

long thoracic nerve (C5-C7)

96
Q

action of serratus anterior

A

scapular PROT
stabilizes scapular during upward ROT

97
Q

origin of trapezius

A

superior nuchal line
EOP
ligamentum nuchae
cervical vertebrae
SP of T1-T12
supraspinous ligaments (c-spine and T-spine)

98
Q

insertion of trapezius

A

lateral 1/3 of posterior clavicle
medial acromion
spine of scapula

99
Q

INNV of trapezius

A

spinal accessory nerve

100
Q

action of trapezius

A

ELEV

101
Q

INNV of levator scapulae

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C3-C5)

102
Q

action of levator scapulae

A

EXT
ipsilateral ROT
Control of Scapular upward ROT during shoulder ELEV

103
Q

origin of rhomboid major

A

T2-T5 SP

104
Q

insertion of rhomboid major

A

medial border of scapula

105
Q

INNV of rhomboid major/minor

A

dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

106
Q

action of rhomboid major/minor

A

Scapular RET

107
Q

origin of rhomboid minor

A

C7-T1 SP

108
Q
A

Musculoskeletal (23 decks)

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