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Musculoskeletal > T-Spine Pathologies > Flashcards

T-Spine Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

How many joints are there in the thoracic spine?

A

136

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2
Q

The thorax functions as (one/multiple) units for movements and respiration.

A

one

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3
Q

What maintains the curvature of the T-spine?

A

Wedge-shaped vertebral bodies

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4
Q

The middle segments of the T-spine are designed for (more/less) mobility.

A

less

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5
Q

(true/false) Facet joint angles change in each level

A

True

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6
Q

Orientation of facet joints change by ___ degrees at either T11 or T12 allowing pure axial ROT to occur

A

90 degrees

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7
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7 (attach to the sternum)

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8
Q

What are the false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10 (attach to the costal cartilages ABOVE them)

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9
Q

During inspiration, the ribs (elevate/depress) and glide ___.

A

elevate, posterolaterally

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10
Q

During expiration, the ribs (elevate/depress) and glide ___.

A

depress, anteromedially

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11
Q

The upper ribs are oriented primarily in the ___ plane and move like a _____ handle.

A

frontal, pump

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12
Q

The mid-lower ribs are oriented more in the ___ plane and move like a ___ handle.

A

sagittal, bucket

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13
Q

Cervical facet joints, ___-___ , can refer to the thoracic regions

A

C4-C7

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14
Q

With cervical facet joint MS pain, you will often see (hypotonicity/hypertonicity) of the musculature within the trigger points

A

hypertonicity

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15
Q

Facet joint pain in the thoracic spine refer (locally/distally) to the segment affected.

A

locally

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16
Q

With Thoracic Facet Joint MS pain, you will see hypomobility with ____ and ___ assessments.

A

Spring testing, PPIVMs/PAIVMs

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17
Q

Thoracic Disc herniations are more common in ____ within the ages ___-___ y/o.

A

males, 40-70 y/o

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18
Q

With thoracic disc herniations, the patient will have ___ pain or ____ pain.

A

posterior thoracic pain, anterior chest pain (can mimic a cardiac problem)

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19
Q

The spinal canal in the T-spine is (narrower/wider) than the rest of the spine.

A

narrower

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20
Q

What are some things that will cause a pt with a thoracic disc herniation experience pain?

A

compression, coughing, deep breaths, movements

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21
Q

How do you relieve symptoms of a thoracic disc herniation?

A

thoracic distraction

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22
Q

What is the most common thoracic rib dysfunction?

A

posterior rib subluxation

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23
Q

With thoracic rib dysfunctions, the patient will experience (unilateral/bilateral) thoracic pain but it can migrate (anteriorly/ medially/ laterally/posteriorly) along the rib.

A

unilateral, anteriorly

24
Q

Those with thoracic rib dysfunction will commonly have painful thoracic ___.

A

ROT

25
Q

definition: thoracic pain aggravated with prolonged postures that has a GRADUAL onset

A

postural dysfunction

26
Q

Those with postural dysfunction have decreased thoracic ___ mobility.

A

EXT

27
Q

With postural dysfunction, the patient will have ____ within the paraspinal muscle on BOTH sides.

A

hypertonicity

28
Q

What muscles are often over-lengthened with postural dysfunction?

A

middle/lower traps
rhomboids

29
Q

What muscles are often tightened with postural dysfunction?

A

upper traps
levator scapulae
pec minor
pec major
lats

30
Q

Thoracic spine Fractures are often ___ and ___ injuries.

A

hyperflexion, axial loading

31
Q

What is the most common type of thoracic spine fracture?

A

anterior wedge fractures

32
Q

What type of radiograph will help identify an anterior wedge fracture?

A

lateral radiograph

33
Q

definition: Fracture that involves the anterior, middle, and posterior columns of the T-spine

A

Burst fractures

34
Q

What is a risk factor for atraumatic fractures in the elderly?

A

osteoporosis (Females > males, T9-T11)

35
Q

When looking for osteoporosis in an elderly person, look for an area of increased ____ if they have an atraumatic fracture.

A

kyphosis

36
Q

Thoracic spine fractures have significant pain and limitations in AROM of (some/all) directions

A

ALL

37
Q

T-spine rib fractures most commonly occur with _____.

A

blunt trauma

38
Q

T-spine rib fractures are more common in the (younger/older) population.

A

older (due to falls)

39
Q

T-spine rib fractures causes pain with (inspiration/expiration)

A

inspiration

40
Q

A fractured (T-vertebrae/rib) can cause a pneumothorax of the lung

A

fractured rib

41
Q

What population are cardiac myocardial infarctions most common in?

A

men >40 y/o
women > 50 y/o

42
Q

What are the symptoms with cardiac myocardial infarctions?

A
  • Pain in chest, jaw, arm, upper T-spine
  • Pallor
  • Sweating
  • Dyspnea
  • palpitations
  • Symptoms last >30 min
43
Q

What are the symptoms with thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysms?

A
  • “Tearing” pain in chest or back (Vascular related indication)
  • Pulsating mass in abdomen (“heartbeat felt when lying down”)
  • Worse with lying down
44
Q

Where is pain referral for cardiac myocardial infarctions?

A

T1-T5

45
Q

What population is most commonly affected by thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysms?

A

males > 50 y/o

46
Q

Herpes Zoster lies dormant in ___ neurons until it manifests as shingles later in life

A

sensory neurons

47
Q

What are the symptoms of herpes zoster (shingles)?

A
  • HA
  • Fever
  • Malaise
  • Burning, itching rash along unilateral dermatomal distribution
  • Thoracic, cervical, or trigeminal dermatomes
48
Q

Herpes Zoster is more common in (males/females) that are ____ y/o.

A

females, >50 y/o

49
Q

What are the primary sites of cancer?

A
  • lung
  • breast
  • kidney
  • pancreas
  • prostate
50
Q

What are symptoms to look for when metastatic cancer is suspected?

A
  • Constant pain
  • Pain unrelieved with movements, positions, postures
  • Night pain
  • Unexplained weight loss (>10 pounds in 2-4 wks)
  • Symptoms related to abnormal organ function
51
Q

definition: anterior wedging of the vertebral bodies

A

scheuermann’s disease

52
Q

What is another name for scheuermann’s disease in those who are 11-14 y/o?

A

juvenile kyphosis

53
Q

Scheuermann’s disease is more common in (males/females).

A

males

54
Q

What can scheuermann’s disease cause?

A

compression fractures of the vertebral bodies

55
Q

What is a possible cause of scheuermann’s disease?

A

failure of the notocord tissue to develop

56
Q

Those with Scheuermann’s disease have limited/painful thoracic ___ and ___.

A

EXT and ROT

Musculoskeletal (23 decks)

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