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Musculoskeletal > T-Spine Pathologies > Flashcards

T-Spine Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

How many joints are there in the thoracic spine?

A

136

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2
Q

The thorax functions as (one/multiple) units for movements and respiration.

A

one

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3
Q

What maintains the curvature of the T-spine?

A

Wedge-shaped vertebral bodies

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4
Q

The middle segments of the T-spine are designed for (more/less) mobility.

A

less

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5
Q

(true/false) Facet joint angles change in each level

A

True

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6
Q

Orientation of facet joints change by ___ degrees at either T11 or T12 allowing pure axial ROT to occur

A

90 degrees

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7
Q

What are the true ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7 (attach to the sternum)

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8
Q

What are the false ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10 (attach to the costal cartilages ABOVE them)

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9
Q

During inspiration, the ribs (elevate/depress) and glide ___.

A

elevate, posterolaterally

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10
Q

During expiration, the ribs (elevate/depress) and glide ___.

A

depress, anteromedially

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11
Q

The upper ribs are oriented primarily in the ___ plane and move like a _____ handle.

A

frontal, pump

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12
Q

The mid-lower ribs are oriented more in the ___ plane and move like a ___ handle.

A

sagittal, bucket

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13
Q

Cervical facet joints, ___-___ , can refer to the thoracic regions

A

C4-C7

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14
Q

With cervical facet joint MS pain, you will often see (hypotonicity/hypertonicity) of the musculature within the trigger points

A

hypertonicity

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15
Q

Facet joint pain in the thoracic spine refer (locally/distally) to the segment affected.

A

locally

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16
Q

With Thoracic Facet Joint MS pain, you will see hypomobility with ____ and ___ assessments.

A

Spring testing, PPIVMs/PAIVMs

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17
Q

Thoracic Disc herniations are more common in ____ within the ages ___-___ y/o.

A

males, 40-70 y/o

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18
Q

With thoracic disc herniations, the patient will have ___ pain or ____ pain.

A

posterior thoracic pain, anterior chest pain (can mimic a cardiac problem)

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19
Q

The spinal canal in the T-spine is (narrower/wider) than the rest of the spine.

A

narrower

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20
Q

What are some things that will cause a pt with a thoracic disc herniation experience pain?

A

compression, coughing, deep breaths, movements

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21
Q

How do you relieve symptoms of a thoracic disc herniation?

A

thoracic distraction

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22
Q

What is the most common thoracic rib dysfunction?

A

posterior rib subluxation

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23
Q

With thoracic rib dysfunctions, the patient will experience (unilateral/bilateral) thoracic pain but it can migrate (anteriorly/ medially/ laterally/posteriorly) along the rib.

A

unilateral, anteriorly

24
Q

Those with thoracic rib dysfunction will commonly have painful thoracic ___.

25
definition: thoracic pain aggravated with prolonged postures that has a GRADUAL onset
postural dysfunction
26
Those with postural dysfunction have decreased thoracic ___ mobility.
EXT
27
With postural dysfunction, the patient will have ____ within the paraspinal muscle on BOTH sides.
hypertonicity
28
What muscles are often over-lengthened with postural dysfunction?
middle/lower traps rhomboids
29
What muscles are often tightened with postural dysfunction?
upper traps levator scapulae pec minor pec major lats
30
Thoracic spine Fractures are often ___ and ___ injuries.
hyperflexion, axial loading
31
What is the most common type of thoracic spine fracture?
anterior wedge fractures
32
What type of radiograph will help identify an anterior wedge fracture?
lateral radiograph
33
definition: Fracture that involves the anterior, middle, and posterior columns of the T-spine
Burst fractures
34
What is a risk factor for atraumatic fractures in the elderly?
osteoporosis (Females > males, T9-T11)
35
When looking for osteoporosis in an elderly person, look for an area of increased ____ if they have an atraumatic fracture.
kyphosis
36
Thoracic spine fractures have significant pain and limitations in AROM of (some/all) directions
ALL
37
T-spine rib fractures most commonly occur with _____.
blunt trauma
38
T-spine rib fractures are more common in the (younger/older) population.
older (due to falls)
39
T-spine rib fractures causes pain with (inspiration/expiration)
inspiration
40
A fractured (T-vertebrae/rib) can cause a pneumothorax of the lung
fractured rib
41
What population are cardiac myocardial infarctions most common in?
men >40 y/o women > 50 y/o
42
What are the symptoms with cardiac myocardial infarctions?
- Pain in chest, jaw, arm, upper T-spine - Pallor - Sweating - Dyspnea - palpitations - Symptoms last >30 min
43
What are the symptoms with thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysms?
- “Tearing” pain in chest or back (Vascular related indication) - Pulsating mass in abdomen (“heartbeat felt when lying down”) - Worse with lying down
44
Where is pain referral for cardiac myocardial infarctions?
T1-T5
45
What population is most commonly affected by thoracic abdominal aortic aneurysms?
males > 50 y/o
46
Herpes Zoster lies dormant in ___ neurons until it manifests as shingles later in life
sensory neurons
47
What are the symptoms of herpes zoster (shingles)?
- HA - Fever - Malaise - Burning, itching rash along unilateral dermatomal distribution - Thoracic, cervical, or trigeminal dermatomes
48
Herpes Zoster is more common in (males/females) that are ____ y/o.
females, >50 y/o
49
What are the primary sites of cancer?
- lung - breast - kidney - pancreas - prostate
50
What are symptoms to look for when metastatic cancer is suspected?
- Constant pain - Pain unrelieved with movements, positions, postures - Night pain - Unexplained weight loss (>10 pounds in 2-4 wks) - Symptoms related to abnormal organ function
51
definition: anterior wedging of the vertebral bodies
scheuermann's disease
52
What is another name for scheuermann's disease in those who are 11-14 y/o?
juvenile kyphosis
53
Scheuermann's disease is more common in (males/females).
males
54
What can scheuermann's disease cause?
compression fractures of the vertebral bodies
55
What is a possible cause of scheuermann's disease?
failure of the notocord tissue to develop
56
Those with Scheuermann's disease have limited/painful thoracic ___ and ___.
EXT and ROT

Musculoskeletal (23 decks)

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