Lumbar spine Flashcards
definition: connect vertebral bodies to the facet joints
pedicles
definition: absorbs forces from the spinous and articular processes
laminae
definition: connects the lamina and the pedicle
pars interarticularis
What surrounds the nucleus pulposus?
annulus fibrosis
The annulus fibrosis is 10-20 concentric rings of ____ collagen bound together by gel.
type 1
The annulus fibrosis resists ____ forces.
torsional
Annulus fibrosis is thinner ___ and is predisposed to injury.
posteriorly
What primarily makes up the nucleus pulposus?
water (80% at birth, 68% in the elderly)
The nucleus puplosus is made up of ___ collagen.
type ii
definition: hyaline and fibrocartilage which separates the disc from the bone of the vertebral body
vertebral endplates
The vertebral end plates are more firmly attached to the (IV disc/vertebral bodies)
IV discs
(true/false) vertebral end plates become thinner during aging.
true
What is a common fracture site in the lower t-spine and upper L-spine?
vertebral end plates
Facet joints protect against what?
anterior/shear forces
excessive ROT
excessive FLX
Facet joints are mostly oriented in the __ plane.
coronal plane
What does the ALL resist?
excessive EXT
anterior translation of vertebral segment
The ALL connects loosely to the IV disc via ____ tissue.
loose areolar tissue
The PLL is (thinner/thicker) than the ALL.
thinner
What does the PLL protect against?
posterior IV disc protrusion
hyperflexion
(true/false) The PLL does NOT connect to the IV discs.
false (it does)
What is the ligamentum flavum comprised of?
elastin (80%)
collagen (20%)
What forms the anterior capsule of the facet joint?
ligamentum flavum
Ligamentum flavum can be disrupted with _____ injuries/issues
facet joint
What does the ligamentum flavum resist?
separation of the lamina during FLX
(true/false) the ligamentum flavum connects to the IV discs
true
What ligament of the spine is most susceptible to sprains?
supraspinous ligament
Origin of iliolumbar ligament
TP of L5
insertion of iliolumbar ligament.
inner lip of iliac crest
What does the iliolumbar ligament restrain?
L5/S1 FLX/EXT, ROT, and SB
What are the attachment sites of the QL?
- 12th rib
- L1-L4 TPs
- iliolumbar ligament
- iliac crest
Action of the QL.
stabilizes 12th rib during inspiration
controls contralateral lumbar SB
INNV of QL
ventral rami T12-L2
What is the largest intrinsic back muscle?
multifidus
action of multifidus
intrinsic spinal stabilization
MRIs of patients with LBP have shown atrophy of the ____ at the injured segments.
multifidi
INNV of erector spinae
dorsal rami
origin of rectus abdominis
end of ribs 5-7
xiphoid process
insertion of rectus abdominis
superior aspect of pubic bone
action of rectus abdominis
FLX and anterior stabilization of lumbar spine
INNV of rectus abdominis
thoracoabdominal nerves
What is the deepest abdominal muscle?
transverse abdominis
origin of transverse abdominis.
lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
thoracolumbar fascia
CC of ribs 7-12
insertion of transverse abdominis
linea alba
IO aponeurosis
pubic crest
pectineal line of pubis
INNV of transverse abdominis
Lower 5 intercostal nerves
subcostal nerve
origin of IO
lateral 2/3 of inguinal lilgament
anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
thoracolumbar fascia
insertion of IO
ribs 9-12
abdominal aponeurosis of linea alba
pubic crest
action of IO
Ipsilateral SB
Bilateral FLX
INNV of IO
ventral rami of intercostal nerves T7-T11
ilioinguinal nerve (L1)
origin of EO
lateral aspect of ribs 5-12
insertion of EO
linea alba
pubic tubercle
ASIS
inguinal ligament
action of EO
ipsilateral SB
bilateral FLX
bilateral posterior pelvic tilt
What muscle combines with the iliacus to attach the lumbar spine to the lesser trochanter?
psoas major
origin of psoas major
anterolateral vertebral bodies
T12-L5 IV discs
L1-L5 TPs
insertion of psoas major
lesser trochanter
Action of psoas major
trunk FLX (when femur is fixed)
Hip FLX (when trunk is fixed)
ipsilateral SB
eccentric control while striding
INNV of psoas major
L1/L2 ventral rami
INNV of EO
lower 6 thoracoabdominal ventral branches
subcostal nerve
