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Musculoskeletal > Lumbar spine > Flashcards

Lumbar spine Flashcards

1
Q

definition: connect vertebral bodies to the facet joints

A

pedicles

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2
Q

definition: absorbs forces from the spinous and articular processes

A

laminae

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3
Q

definition: connects the lamina and the pedicle

A

pars interarticularis

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4
Q

What surrounds the nucleus pulposus?

A

annulus fibrosis

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5
Q

The annulus fibrosis is 10-20 concentric rings of ____ collagen bound together by gel.

A

type 1

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6
Q

The annulus fibrosis resists ____ forces.

A

torsional

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7
Q

Annulus fibrosis is thinner ___ and is predisposed to injury.

A

posteriorly

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8
Q

What primarily makes up the nucleus pulposus?

A

water (80% at birth, 68% in the elderly)

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9
Q

The nucleus puplosus is made up of ___ collagen.

A

type ii

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10
Q

definition: hyaline and fibrocartilage which separates the disc from the bone of the vertebral body

A

vertebral endplates

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11
Q

The vertebral end plates are more firmly attached to the (IV disc/vertebral bodies)

A

IV discs

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12
Q

(true/false) vertebral end plates become thinner during aging.

A

true

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13
Q

What is a common fracture site in the lower t-spine and upper L-spine?

A

vertebral end plates

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14
Q

Facet joints protect against what?

A

anterior/shear forces
excessive ROT
excessive FLX

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15
Q

Facet joints are mostly oriented in the __ plane.

A

coronal plane

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16
Q

What does the ALL resist?

A

excessive EXT
anterior translation of vertebral segment

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17
Q

The ALL connects loosely to the IV disc via ____ tissue.

A

loose areolar tissue

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18
Q

The PLL is (thinner/thicker) than the ALL.

A

thinner

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19
Q

What does the PLL protect against?

A

posterior IV disc protrusion
hyperflexion

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20
Q

(true/false) The PLL does NOT connect to the IV discs.

A

false (it does)

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21
Q

What is the ligamentum flavum comprised of?

A

elastin (80%)
collagen (20%)

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22
Q

What forms the anterior capsule of the facet joint?

A

ligamentum flavum

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23
Q

Ligamentum flavum can be disrupted with _____ injuries/issues

A

facet joint

24
Q

What does the ligamentum flavum resist?

A

separation of the lamina during FLX

25
Q

(true/false) the ligamentum flavum connects to the IV discs

A

true

26
Q

What ligament of the spine is most susceptible to sprains?

A

supraspinous ligament

27
Q

Origin of iliolumbar ligament

A

TP of L5

28
Q

insertion of iliolumbar ligament.

A

inner lip of iliac crest

29
Q

What does the iliolumbar ligament restrain?

A

L5/S1 FLX/EXT, ROT, and SB

30
Q

What are the attachment sites of the QL?

A
  • 12th rib
  • L1-L4 TPs
  • iliolumbar ligament
  • iliac crest
31
Q

Action of the QL.

A

stabilizes 12th rib during inspiration
controls contralateral lumbar SB

32
Q

INNV of QL

A

ventral rami T12-L2

33
Q

What is the largest intrinsic back muscle?

A

multifidus

34
Q

action of multifidus

A

intrinsic spinal stabilization

35
Q

MRIs of patients with LBP have shown atrophy of the ____ at the injured segments.

A

multifidi

36
Q

INNV of erector spinae

A

dorsal rami

37
Q

origin of rectus abdominis

A

end of ribs 5-7
xiphoid process

38
Q

insertion of rectus abdominis

A

superior aspect of pubic bone

39
Q

action of rectus abdominis

A

FLX and anterior stabilization of lumbar spine

40
Q

INNV of rectus abdominis

A

thoracoabdominal nerves

41
Q

What is the deepest abdominal muscle?

A

transverse abdominis

42
Q

origin of transverse abdominis.

A

lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament
anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
thoracolumbar fascia
CC of ribs 7-12

43
Q

insertion of transverse abdominis

A

linea alba
IO aponeurosis
pubic crest
pectineal line of pubis

44
Q

INNV of transverse abdominis

A

Lower 5 intercostal nerves
subcostal nerve

45
Q

origin of IO

A

lateral 2/3 of inguinal lilgament
anterior 2/3 of iliac crest
thoracolumbar fascia

46
Q

insertion of IO

A

ribs 9-12
abdominal aponeurosis of linea alba
pubic crest

47
Q

action of IO

A

Ipsilateral SB
Bilateral FLX

48
Q

INNV of IO

A

ventral rami of intercostal nerves T7-T11
ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

49
Q

origin of EO

A

lateral aspect of ribs 5-12

50
Q

insertion of EO

A

linea alba
pubic tubercle
ASIS
inguinal ligament

51
Q

action of EO

A

ipsilateral SB
bilateral FLX
bilateral posterior pelvic tilt

52
Q

What muscle combines with the iliacus to attach the lumbar spine to the lesser trochanter?

A

psoas major

53
Q

origin of psoas major

A

anterolateral vertebral bodies
T12-L5 IV discs
L1-L5 TPs

54
Q

insertion of psoas major

A

lesser trochanter

55
Q

Action of psoas major

A

trunk FLX (when femur is fixed)
Hip FLX (when trunk is fixed)
ipsilateral SB
eccentric control while striding

56
Q

INNV of psoas major

A

L1/L2 ventral rami

57
Q

INNV of EO

A

lower 6 thoracoabdominal ventral branches
subcostal nerve

Musculoskeletal (23 decks)

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