Topography of the brain - physiology Flashcards
4 topographical features of the brain
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres
All CNs emerge from the brainstem apart form which 2
CN I & II
Medulla is divided in 2 regions: + what distinguishes between the 2
open and closed medulla
4th ventricle is surrounded by the medulla (closed medulla) or not (open medulla)
White matter of the medulla is made up of (4)
pyramidal tract
medial lemniscus
inferior cerebellar peduncle
other tracts
Grey matter of medulla made up of (4)
CN nucleii
Inferior olivary nucleus
Nuclei of reticular formation
Sensory nuclei (gracile and cuneate)
Midbrain contains what grey matter (3)
-one of these is part of basal ganglia
Periaqueductal grey matter
Nuclei of CN III & IV
Substantia nigra
White matter of pons made up of (3)
Middle cerebellar peduncle Medial lemniscus (sensory) Pyramidal tract (motor)
Grey matter of pons made up of (3)
CN nuclei
Pontine nuclei
Nuclei of reticular formation
Each hemisphere of the cerebellum consists of 3 lobes:
Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular
Surface of cerebellum has folds like brain surface called… (2)
sulci
folia (instead of gyri)
White matter of cerebellum made up of (2)
Arbor vitae
Cerebellar peduncles
Grey matter of cerebellum made up of (2)
Cerebral cortex on the surface of it
Deep nuclei
Cerebellar hemispheres control ipsilateral or contralateral side of body
ipsilateral
unlike cerebral hemispheres
Cerebellum sends its processed info to the cerebral cortex via what white matter structure
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Diencephalon consists of what 4 things
thalamus,
hypothalamus (and pituitary stalk),
epithalamus (pineal gland),
subthalamus
Diencephalon is mainly white or grey matter
Grey
What component makes up most of the diencephalon
Thalamus
The thalamus contains groups of nuclei (anterior, medial & lateral) - which one of these groups is the sensory relay station
Lateral group (processes sensory info entering the cerebral hemispheres)
Hypothalamus lies above or below thalamus + what is the groove that separates it
below
hypothalamic sulcus
Hypothalamus is the main … … …
visceral control centre
Name some functions of the hypothalamus
Body temperature regulation Regulation of food intake Regulation of water balance & thirst Regulation of sleep-wake cycle Control of endocrine system
Surface features of the medulla (5)
Anterior median fissure/groove Pyramids & their decussation Olives (lateral to pyramids) Inferior cerebellar peduncle CN IX, X, XI, XII
Surface features of the midbrain (5)
Cerebral peduncle Superior cerebellar peduncle Superior colliculi Inferior colliculi CN III & IV
Which CN is the only one to emerge from the posterior brainstem
CN IV
Surface features of the pons (2)
Middle cerebellar peduncle
CN V
2 paired arteries supplying the brain (that give important branches)
R + L ICA
R + L vertebral arteries
How do the vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity
Pass through foramen transversarium then enter cranial cavity through foramen magnum
ACA is a branch of
ICA
ACA supplies what surface of the cerebral hemispheres
Medial
- but not the occipital lobes
MCA supples what surface of the cerebral hemispheres
Lateral
PCA supples what parts of the cerebral hemispheres
Posterior and inferior
