Topography of the brain - physiology

Question 1

4 topographical features of the brain

Answer 1

Brainstem
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Cerebral hemispheres

Question 2

All CNs emerge from the brainstem apart form which 2

Answer 2

CN I & II

Question 3

Medulla is divided in 2 regions: + what distinguishes between the 2

Answer 3

open and closed medulla

4th ventricle is surrounded by the medulla (closed medulla) or not (open medulla)

Question 4

White matter of the medulla is made up of (4)

Answer 4

pyramidal tract
medial lemniscus
inferior cerebellar peduncle
other tracts

Question 5

Grey matter of medulla made up of (4)

Answer 5

CN nucleii
Inferior olivary nucleus
Nuclei of reticular formation
Sensory nuclei (gracile and cuneate)

Question 6

Midbrain contains what grey matter (3)

-one of these is part of basal ganglia

Answer 6

Periaqueductal grey matter
Nuclei of CN III & IV
Substantia nigra

Question 7

White matter of pons made up of (3)

Answer 7

Middle cerebellar peduncle
Medial lemniscus (sensory)
Pyramidal tract (motor)

Question 8

Grey matter of pons made up of (3)

Answer 8

CN nuclei
Pontine nuclei
Nuclei of reticular formation

Question 9

Each hemisphere of the cerebellum consists of 3 lobes:

Answer 9

Anterior
Posterior
Flocculonodular

Question 10

Surface of cerebellum has folds like brain surface called… (2)

Answer 10

sulci

folia (instead of gyri)

Question 11

White matter of cerebellum made up of (2)

Answer 11

Arbor vitae

Cerebellar peduncles

Question 12

Grey matter of cerebellum made up of (2)

Answer 12

Cerebral cortex on the surface of it

Deep nuclei

Question 13

Cerebellar hemispheres control ipsilateral or contralateral side of body

Answer 13

ipsilateral

unlike cerebral hemispheres

Question 14

Cerebellum sends its processed info to the cerebral cortex via what white matter structure

Answer 14

Superior cerebellar peduncle

Question 15

Diencephalon consists of what 4 things

Answer 15

thalamus,
hypothalamus (and pituitary stalk),
epithalamus (pineal gland),
subthalamus

Question 16

Diencephalon is mainly white or grey matter

Answer 16

Grey

Question 17

What component makes up most of the diencephalon

Answer 17

Thalamus

Question 18

The thalamus contains groups of nuclei (anterior, medial & lateral) - which one of these groups is the sensory relay station

Answer 18

Lateral group (processes sensory info entering the cerebral hemispheres)

Question 19

Hypothalamus lies above or below thalamus + what is the groove that separates it

Answer 19

below

hypothalamic sulcus

Question 20

Hypothalamus is the main … … …

Answer 20

visceral control centre

Question 21

Name some functions of the hypothalamus

Answer 21

Body temperature regulation
Regulation of food intake
Regulation of water balance & thirst
Regulation of sleep-wake cycle
Control of endocrine system

Question 22

Surface features of the medulla (5)

Answer 22

Anterior median fissure/groove
Pyramids & their decussation
Olives (lateral to pyramids)
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
CN IX, X, XI, XII

Question 23

Surface features of the midbrain (5)

Answer 23

Cerebral peduncle
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Superior colliculi
Inferior colliculi
CN III & IV

Question 24

Which CN is the only one to emerge from the posterior brainstem

Answer 24

CN IV

Question 25

Surface features of the pons (2)

Answer 25

Middle cerebellar peduncle

CN V

Question 26

2 paired arteries supplying the brain (that give important branches)

Answer 26

R + L ICA

R + L vertebral arteries

Question 27

How do the vertebral arteries enter the cranial cavity

Answer 27

Pass through foramen transversarium then enter cranial cavity through foramen magnum

Question 28

ACA is a branch of

Answer 28

ICA

Question 29

ACA supplies what surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 29

Medial

- but not the occipital lobes

Question 30

MCA supples what surface of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 30

Lateral

Question 31

PCA supples what parts of the cerebral hemispheres

Answer 31

Posterior and inferior