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Year 2 - Nervous > Cerebral hemispheres - physiology > Flashcards

Cerebral hemispheres - physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the precentral gyrus

A

Lateral to central sulcus on the frontal lobe side

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2
Q

Where is the post central gyrus

A

Lateral to the central sulcus on the parietal lobe side

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3
Q

Where is the cingulate gyrus

A

Lies on medial surface of the hemispheres above the corpus callosum and is formed by parts of frontal and parietal lobes

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4
Q

Cingulate gyrus is part of what system

A

Limbic system

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5
Q

Frontal lobe separated into 3 gyri

A

Superior/middle/inferior

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6
Q

Temporal lobe divided into 3 gyri

A

Superior/middle/inferior

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7
Q

Where is the transverse temporal gyrus

A

Buried within the lateral sulcus

Only seen when temporal lobe has been reflected down and some of frontal and parietal cut away

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8
Q

Parietal lobe divided into (2)

A

superior and inferior parietal LOBULE

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9
Q

Where is the insula

A

located deep within the lateral sulcus and is small region that is hidden under the temporal lobe and some of the frontal and parietal lobe

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10
Q

Sensory info goes to where first in the brain

A

thalamus

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11
Q

Cerebral cortex is divided into three functionally distinct areas:

A

sensory, motor, and association

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12
Q

Main sensory areas of the brain include (3)

A

primary auditory cortex, primary somatosensory cortex, and primary visual cortex

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13
Q

Which of these senses -sight, hearing, taste, touch, and smell - is the only one that is not routed to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus

A

Smell

-olfactory information passes through the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex, bypassing the thalamus

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14
Q

Which lobes of the brain contain sensory areas (3)

A

parietal, temporal and occipital lobe

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15
Q

Primary sensory areas receive sensory input from what

A

thalamus

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16
Q

Primary sensory areas send their info to…

whereas primary motor areas work a bit differently, info is passed from…

A

Primary sensory areas send their info to sensory association areas

whereas primary motor areas receive info from motor association areas

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17
Q

The cerebrum is derived from which primary brain vesicle

A

Prosencephalon

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18
Q

Which hemisphere is dominant if right handed

A

Left

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19
Q

What brodmann area is the primary motor cortex + what gyrus is the primary motor cortex

A

area 4

precentral gyrus

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20
Q

What brodmann areas are Broca’s area + what gyrus is it formed by

A

area 44, 45

inferior frontal gyrus

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21
Q

Broca’s area function

A

generation of articulate speech

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22
Q

What brodmann area is the premotor cortex

A

area 6

23
Q

premotor cortex function

A

 Cognitive functions of higher order - intellect, judgement, prediction, planning

24
Q

what brodmann areas are the primary somatosensory cortex + what gyrus is the primary somatosensory cortex

A

Areas 3, 1, 2

postcentral gyrus

25
Q

Function of superior parietal lobule

A

sensory association area

-interpretation of general sensory information and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body

26
Q

Function of inferior parietal lobule

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas

27
Q

In the dominant hemisphere, the inferior parietal lobule contributes to what

A

language functions

28
Q

Superior and inferior parietal lobules often referred to as the what

A

GLOBAL ASSOCIATION AREAS

-because they provide a network between the primary cortexes

29
Q

Parietal lobe lesion can result in what deficits (4)

A

Hemi-sensory neglect - reduced awareness of one side of visual field

Agnosia - unable to recognise things due to inability to interpret sensations

Acalculia - unable to do simple maths

Agraphia - loss/impaired writing

30
Q

What brodmann areas are the primary auditory cortex

A

Areas 41, 42

31
Q

What is heschl’s gyrus

A

aka transverse temporal gyrus

part of the primary auditory cortex

32
Q

Auditory association area is present in both hemispheres but in the dominant hemisphere, what is it known as

A

Wernicke’s area

33
Q

Wernicke’s area function

A

Responsible for the comprehension of speech (receptive), whereas Broca’s is for producing speech (expressive)

34
Q

2 main sensory functions of temporal lobe

A

Hearing

smell

35
Q

Inferior surface of temporal lobe plays what role

A

Receives fibres from olfactory tract allowing CONSCIOUS AWARENESS OF SMELL

36
Q

Primary visual cortex is what brodmann area

A

Area 17

37
Q

Primary visual cortex is on what surface of the occipital lobe

A

medial

38
Q

Visual association cortex is what brodmann areas

A

Areas 18 and 19

39
Q

Limbic lobe located on the medial surface of the cerebral hemispheres is formed by what 4 components + involved in what functions

A

Cingulate gyrus
Hippocampus
Amygdala
Parahippocampal gyrus

Memory + emotion

40
Q

Broca’s area is in what lobe

Wernicke’s area is in what lobe

A

Frontal

Temporal

41
Q

What happens in wernicke’s aphasia (when wernicke’s area damaged)

A

Don’t understand question asked (can’t comprehend anything) and don’t realise what they’re personally saying makes no sense (just meaningless words but thinks they’re speaking normal)

42
Q

What happens in Broca’s aphasia (when Broca’s area damaged)

A

Can still understand words but struggle to put them together into articulate speech

Aware that what they’ve said doesn’t make sense so get frustrated

43
Q

3 types of myelinated axon fibres

A

Commisural fibres
Association fibres
Projection fibres

44
Q

Function of commissural fibres

A

Connect the 2 hemispheres and allow contralateral communication, e.g. corpus callosum made up of these fibres

45
Q

Function of association fibres

A

Connect one part of a hemisphere to another part of the same hemisphere

46
Q

Function of projection fibres

A

Run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres (connect hemispheres with everything lower down)

47
Q

Name some white matter areas that are made up of projection fibres (2)

A

Internal capsule

Corona radiata

48
Q

After projection fibres pass through the internal capsule, they radiate out as the…

A

corona radiata to different lobes

49
Q

What is the basal ganglia + what should it technically be called

A

collection of cell bodies inside the CNS located at the BASE OF THE HEMISPHERE

Basal nuclei because inside CNS

50
Q

4 components of basal ganglia

A

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus pallidus
Substantia nigra (functionally part of basal ganglia but not anatomically)

51
Q

Globus pallidus + putamen =

A

lentiform nucleus

52
Q

Input regions of the basal ganglia (2)

Output regions of the basal ganglia (2)

A

Input

  • Caudate nucleus
  • Putamen

Output

  • globus pallidus
  • substantia nigra
53
Q

Basal ganglia function

A

Regulate initiation and termination of voluntary movements

Year 2 - Nervous (39 decks)

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