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Year 2 - Nervous > Cranial nerves - physiology > Flashcards

Cranial nerves - physiology Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 fibre types that cranial nerves carry

A

Somatic motor

Parasympathetic (visceral/autonomic motor)

Visceral sensory (NOT AUTONOMIC)

General sensory

Special sensory

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2
Q

What fibre type do cranial nerves not carry

A

Sympathetic

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3
Q

What do somatic motor fibres in cranial nerves innervate

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

What do parasympathetic (visceral (autonomic) motor fibres) in cranial nerves innervate

A

Smooth muscle and glands

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5
Q

What function do special sensory fibres carry (5)

A 
Taste
Smell
Vision
Hearing
Balance
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6
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory fibres located

A

Outside spinal cord in ganglia - DRG

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7
Q

Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor fibres located

A

Ventral horn of spinal cord

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8
Q

Where are the cell bodies of autonomic motor fibres located (2)

A

One in the ventral horn and one outside the spinal cord at the autonomic ganglia

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9
Q

What fibre type does CN I carry

A

Special sensory

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10
Q

Function of CN I

A

Smell

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11
Q

Pathway of CN I

A

Receptors in olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity innervated by olfactory nerve fibres pass through foramen in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enter olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

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12
Q

Fractured cribriform plate may result in what

A

Tear olfactory nerves and cause anosmia (loss of smell)

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13
Q

What fibre type does CN II carry

A

Special sensory

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14
Q

Function of CN II

A

Vision

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15
Q

A lesion in the optic chiasm causes loss of central or peripheral vision

A

peripheral (bitemporal hemianopia)

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16
Q

What fibre types does CN III carry (2)

A

Somatic motor

Parasympathetic (visceral motor)

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17
Q

Functions of CN III (3)

A

Somatic motor
-innervate extra ocular muscles (except SO & LR) + LPS

Parasympathetic (visceral motor)

  • innervates sphincter pupillae –> constrict pupils
  • innervates ciliaris –> accomodation of lens
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18
Q

Damage to CN III can result in what (4)

A

Drooping of eyelids - as LPS not working

Eye abducted and pointing down

No pupillary reflex

No accommodation of lens

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19
Q

What fibre type does CN IV carry

A

Somatic motor

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20
Q

Function of CN IV

A

Innervates SO so intorts (inwards and downwards) the eye

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21
Q

Where does CN IV emerge from and exit

A

Emerges from dorsal surface of midbrain and exits via the superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

Resulting effect when CN IV is damaged

A

Diplopia

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23
Q

Where does CN VI emerge from and exit

A

Emerges from pontomedullary junction and exits via superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

What fibre type does CN VI carry

A

Somatic motor

25
Q

Function of CN VI

A

Innervates LR to abduct the eye

26
Q

Resulting effect when CN VI is damaged

A

Medial deviation –> diplopia

27
Q

Where does CN V1 emerge from and exit

A

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure

28
Q

What fibre type does CN V1 carry

A

General sensory - from top 1/3 of face (cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose etc)

29
Q

Where does CN V2 emerge from and exit

A

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum

30
Q

What fibre type does CN V2 carry

A

General sensory - from maxilla area, maxillary teeth, TMJ, mucosa of nose)

31
Q

Where does CN V3 emerge and exit

A

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen ovale

32
Q

What fibre types does CN V3 carry (2)

A

General sensory - from mandibular area, anterior 2/3 tongue

Somatic motor - to muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini…

33
Q

Resulting effects when CN V3 is damaged (4)

A

paralysis of muscles of mastication

loss of corneal or sneezing reflex

loss of sensation in the face + anterior 2/3 tongue

trigeminal neuralgia – quite severe

34
Q

Where does CN VII emerge and exit

A

emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus –> passes into the facial canal (in the petrous temporal bone of ear) –> extends inferiorly and laterally to exit at stylomastoid foramen

35
Q

What fibre types does CN VII carry (4)

A

Somatic motor

Parasympathetic (visceral motor)

Special sensory

General sensory

36
Q

Functions of CN VII (4)
-Somatic motor

  • Parasympathetic (visceral motor)
  • Special sensory
  • General sensory
A

Innervates muscles of facial expression, scalp, stapedius

Innervates submandibular/sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland

Taste sensation to anterior 2/3 tongue (chorda tympani)

General sensation from external acoustic meatus

37
Q

Resulting effects when CN VII is damaged (4)

A

Can’t close eyes/ bare teeth/ smile/ wrinkle forehead/ puff cheeks

Lose taste in anterior 2/3 tongue

Lose general sensation from external acoustic meatus

Lose saliva production from submandibular/sublingual glands & tear production from lacrimal gland

38
Q

What condition is associated with CN VII palsy

A

Bell’s palsy

39
Q

Where does CN VIII emerge and exit

A

emerges frompontomedullary junction and exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular & cochlear nerves

40
Q

What fibre type does CN VIII carry (1)

A

Special sensory

41
Q

Functions of CN VIII (2)

-special sensory

A

Provides vestibular sensation from semicircular canals, utricle and saccule - giving sense of position + movement

Provides hearing from cochlea

42
Q

Resulting effects when CN VIII is damaged (4)

A

tinnitus (ringing in the ears/abnormal sounds with no external source)

deafness (conductive vs sensorineural)

vertigo (loss of balance)

nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)

43
Q

Where does CN IX

A

emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

44
Q

What fibre types does CN IX carry (5)

A 
Special sensory
General sensory
Visceral sensory
Parasympathetic (visceral motor)
Somatic motor
45
Q

Functions of CN IX (5)

  • Special sensory
  • General sensory
  • Visceral sensory
  • Parasympathetic (visceral motor)
  • Somatic motor
A

taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue

cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity

sensation from carotid body & carotid sinus

parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

to stylopharyngeus, helps with swallowing

46
Q

List some resulting effects when CN IX is damaged

A

loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue

47
Q

Where does CN X emerge and exit

A

emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

48
Q

What fibre types does CN X carry (5)

A 
Special sensory
General sensory
Visceral sensory 
Parasympathetic (visceral motor)
Somatic motor
49
Q

Functions of CN X

  • Special sensory
  • General sensory
  • Visceral sensory
  • Parasympathetic (visceral motor)
  • Somatic motor
A

Taste from epiglottis and palate

Sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus

sensation from resp tract, GI tract, heart

Motor to muscle in bronchi, GI tract, heart

Motor to pharynx, larynx, palate, oesophagus

50
Q

Damage to pharyngeal branches of CN X cause difficulty in what

A

swallowing

51
Q

Damage to laryngeal branches of CN X causes difficulty in what

A

Speaking –> hoarse voice

52
Q

Where does CN XI emerge and exit

A

Small cranial (medulla) and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen

53
Q

What fibre type does CN XI carry

A

Somatic motor

54
Q

Function of CN XI

-somatic motor

A

motor to striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx & larynx, and to sternocleidomastoid & trapezius

55
Q

Resulting effect when CN XI is damaged

A

Weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulder

56
Q

Where does CN XII emerge and exit

A

emerges from medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal

57
Q

What fibre type does CN XII carry

A

Somatic motor

58
Q

Function of CN XII

A

motor to all muscles of tongue EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS (CN X)

59
Q

Resulting effect when CN XII is damaged

A

vulnerable to damage during tonsillectomy

-causes paralysis & atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue

Year 2 - Nervous (39 decks)

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