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Year 2 - Nervous > Cranial nerves - physiology > Flashcards

Cranial nerves - physiology Flashcards

1
Q

List the 5 fibre types that cranial nerves carry

A

Somatic motor

Parasympathetic (visceral/autonomic motor)

Visceral sensory (NOT AUTONOMIC)

General sensory

Special sensory

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2
Q

What fibre type do cranial nerves not carry

A

Sympathetic

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3
Q

What do somatic motor fibres in cranial nerves innervate

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

What do parasympathetic (visceral (autonomic) motor fibres) in cranial nerves innervate

A

Smooth muscle and glands

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5
Q

What function do special sensory fibres carry (5)

A 
Taste
Smell
Vision
Hearing
Balance
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6
Q

Where are the cell bodies of sensory fibres located

A

Outside spinal cord in ganglia - DRG

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7
Q

Where are the cell bodies of somatic motor fibres located

A

Ventral horn of spinal cord

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8
Q

Where are the cell bodies of autonomic motor fibres located (2)

A

One in the ventral horn and one outside the spinal cord at the autonomic ganglia

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9
Q

What fibre type does CN I carry

A

Special sensory

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10
Q

Function of CN I

A

Smell

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11
Q

Pathway of CN I

A

Receptors in olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity innervated by olfactory nerve fibres pass through foramen in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enter olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

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12
Q

Fractured cribriform plate may result in what

A

Tear olfactory nerves and cause anosmia (loss of smell)

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13
Q

What fibre type does CN II carry

A

Special sensory

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14
Q

Function of CN II

A

Vision

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15
Q

A lesion in the optic chiasm causes loss of central or peripheral vision

A

peripheral (bitemporal hemianopia)

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16
Q

What fibre types does CN III carry (2)

A

Somatic motor

Parasympathetic (visceral motor)

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17
Q

Functions of CN III (3)

A

Somatic motor
-innervate extra ocular muscles (except SO & LR) + LPS

Parasympathetic (visceral motor)

  • innervates sphincter pupillae –> constrict pupils
  • innervates ciliaris –> accomodation of lens
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18
Q

Damage to CN III can result in what (4)

A

Drooping of eyelids - as LPS not working

Eye abducted and pointing down

No pupillary reflex

No accommodation of lens

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19
Q

What fibre type does CN IV carry

A

Somatic motor

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20
Q

Function of CN IV

A

Innervates SO so intorts (inwards and downwards) the eye

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21
Q

Where does CN IV emerge from and exit

A

Emerges from dorsal surface of midbrain and exits via the superior orbital fissure

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22
Q

Resulting effect when CN IV is damaged

A

Diplopia

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23
Q

Where does CN VI emerge from and exit

A

Emerges from pontomedullary junction and exits via superior orbital fissure

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24
Q

What fibre type does CN VI carry

A

Somatic motor

25
Function of CN VI
Innervates LR to abduct the eye
26
Resulting effect when CN VI is damaged
Medial deviation --> diplopia
27
Where does CN V1 emerge from and exit
emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure
28
What fibre type does CN V1 carry
General sensory - from top 1/3 of face (cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose etc)
29
Where does CN V2 emerge from and exit
emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum
30
What fibre type does CN V2 carry
General sensory - from maxilla area, maxillary teeth, TMJ, mucosa of nose)
31
Where does CN V3 emerge and exit
emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen ovale
32
What fibre types does CN V3 carry (2)
General sensory - from mandibular area, anterior 2/3 tongue Somatic motor - to muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini...
33
Resulting effects when CN V3 is damaged (4)
paralysis of muscles of mastication loss of corneal or sneezing reflex loss of sensation in the face + anterior 2/3 tongue trigeminal neuralgia – quite severe
34
Where does CN VII emerge and exit
emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus --> passes into the facial canal (in the petrous temporal bone of ear) --> extends inferiorly and laterally to exit at stylomastoid foramen
35
What fibre types does CN VII carry (4)
Somatic motor Parasympathetic (visceral motor) Special sensory General sensory
36
Functions of CN VII (4) -Somatic motor - Parasympathetic (visceral motor) - Special sensory - General sensory
Innervates muscles of facial expression, scalp, stapedius Innervates submandibular/sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland Taste sensation to anterior 2/3 tongue (chorda tympani) General sensation from external acoustic meatus
37
Resulting effects when CN VII is damaged (4)
Can't close eyes/ bare teeth/ smile/ wrinkle forehead/ puff cheeks Lose taste in anterior 2/3 tongue Lose general sensation from external acoustic meatus Lose saliva production from submandibular/sublingual glands & tear production from lacrimal gland
38
What condition is associated with CN VII palsy
Bell's palsy
39
Where does CN VIII emerge and exit
emerges frompontomedullary junction and exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular & cochlear nerves
40
What fibre type does CN VIII carry (1)
Special sensory
41
Functions of CN VIII (2) | -special sensory
Provides vestibular sensation from semicircular canals, utricle and saccule - giving sense of position + movement Provides hearing from cochlea
42
Resulting effects when CN VIII is damaged (4)
tinnitus (ringing in the ears/abnormal sounds with no external source) deafness (conductive vs sensorineural) vertigo (loss of balance) nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)
43
Where does CN IX
emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen
44
What fibre types does CN IX carry (5)
``` Special sensory General sensory Visceral sensory Parasympathetic (visceral motor) Somatic motor ```
45
Functions of CN IX (5) - Special sensory - General sensory - Visceral sensory - Parasympathetic (visceral motor) - Somatic motor
taste from posterior 1/3 of tongue cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity sensation from carotid body & carotid sinus parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland to stylopharyngeus, helps with swallowing
46
List some resulting effects when CN IX is damaged
loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue
47
Where does CN X emerge and exit
emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen
48
What fibre types does CN X carry (5)
``` Special sensory General sensory Visceral sensory Parasympathetic (visceral motor) Somatic motor ```
49
Functions of CN X - Special sensory - General sensory - Visceral sensory - Parasympathetic (visceral motor) - Somatic motor
Taste from epiglottis and palate Sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus sensation from resp tract, GI tract, heart Motor to muscle in bronchi, GI tract, heart Motor to pharynx, larynx, palate, oesophagus
50
Damage to pharyngeal branches of CN X cause difficulty in what
swallowing
51
Damage to laryngeal branches of CN X causes difficulty in what
Speaking --> hoarse voice
52
Where does CN XI emerge and exit
Small cranial (medulla) and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen
53
What fibre type does CN XI carry
Somatic motor
54
Function of CN XI | -somatic motor
motor to striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx & larynx, and to sternocleidomastoid & trapezius
55
Resulting effect when CN XI is damaged
Weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulder
56
Where does CN XII emerge and exit
emerges from medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal
57
What fibre type does CN XII carry
Somatic motor
58
Function of CN XII
motor to all muscles of tongue EXCEPT PALATOGLOSSUS (CN X)
59
Resulting effect when CN XII is damaged
vulnerable to damage during tonsillectomy | -causes paralysis & atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue

Year 2 - Nervous (39 decks)

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