topography of the brain Flashcards
what is present in white matter?
myelinated axons
what is present in grey matter?
neuronal cell bodies
what is involved in white matter in spinal cords and brain
various tracts
what is a tract?
fibre pathway passing through the CNS carrying a specific modality
what would you call a neuronal cell body collection within CNS
nucleus
what would you call neuronal cell bodies outside the CNS ?
ganglion
what are ventricles?
spaces within the brain
what are the ventricles within cerebral hemispheres?
lateral ventricle
what is the ventricle within diencephalon
III ventricle
what are the ventricles within the midbrain?
cerebral aqueduct
what are the ventricles between pons and medulla and cerebellum?
IV ventricle
where is the cerebral fluid present?
inside ventricles and vetween pia and arachnoid
where is the CSF formed?
by choroid plexus in each ventricle
where is the CSF absorbed?
by arachnoid villi into saggital sinus
where do the 2 internal carrots arteries enter the skull through?
the carotid canal (foramen lacerum)
how is the basilar arteries formed?
2 vertebral arteries join together on the ventral surface of the brainstem
what does the vertebra-basilar system give branches to supply?
brainstem and cerebellum
what is included in the anterior cerebral?
Medial aspect of cerebral hemispheres excluding Occipital lobe.
what is included in the middle cerebral
Lateral aspect of cerebral hemispheres
what is included in the posterior cerebral?
Inferior aspect of cerebral hemispheres and Occipital lobe.
what do the dural venous sinues join to drain into?
internal jjugular veins
what does the neural tube develop from?
dorsal surface ectoderm
how are the vesicles formed?
as soon as the neural tube was formed, it divided into 3 primary vesicles and then into 2yr vesicles
function of the brainstem centres
produce the rigidly programmed automatic behaviours essential for survival.
what are involved in the brainstem?
midbrain, pons and medulla
what ventricle is the cavity of the medulla
IV ventricle
what are the contents of the white matter of medulla section?
Pyramidal tract
Medial lemniscus
Inferior cerebellar peduncle
Other tracts.
what are the contents of the grey matter of the medulla part?
Cranial n nucleii & inferior olivary nucleus Nucleii of the Reticular formation (vital centres) Sensory nucleii (gracile and cuneate)
where is the IV ventricle in relation to the Pons
posterior
what are the surface features of pons?
Middle cerebellar peduncle
Cranial nerves V, VI, VII & VIII originate from its surface.
what are the contents of the white matter of the pons
Middle cerebellar peduncle Medial lemniscus (sensory) Pyramidal tract (motor)
what are the contents of the grey matter of the pons
Cranial n. nucleii
Pontine nucleii
Nucleii of Reticular formation
where does the midbrain develop from?
mesencephalon
surface features fo the midbrain
Cerebral peduncle
Superior cerebellar peduncle
Corpora quadrigemina (superior & inferior colliculus)
Origin of Oculomotor (CN III) & Trochlear (CN IV)
what are the right and left hemispheres seperated by in the cerebellum?
vermis
what does each hemisphere contain?
anterior, posterior and flocculonodular lobe
what is on the surface of the cerebellum?
sulci and folia.
how many cerebellar peduncles connect it to the brainstem?
3
function of the cerebellum
Posture maintenance
Fine tuning motor activity
where is the diencephalon found?
Deep within cerebral hemispheres, around the III ventricle
what does the diencephalon develop from?
from diencephalic vesicle
what does the thalamus contain?
groups of nucleii - anterior, medial and lateral group.
what are the lateral group of the thalamus involved in?
processing sensory information
what is the thalamus?
sensory relay station
where does the hypothalamus lie?
below the thalamus separated from it by the hypothalamic sulcus.
what are the homeostatic role of hypothalamus?
Autonomic Control Centre Body temperature regulation Regulation of food intake Regulation of water balance & thirst Regulation of sleep-wake cycle Control of endocrine system functioning
function of the brainstem
Vital centres (respiratory, cardiovascular), cranial nerve nucleii III-XII.
