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systems- neuro- oc > cranial nerves > Flashcards

cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

what do cranial nerves may contain

A

Somatic motor fibres - supply striated muscle
(don’t worry about the somatic vs branchial distinction)

Autonomic motor fibres - cranial division of the parasympathetic supply innervates smooth muscle & glands

Visceral sensory - afferent inputs from pharynx, larynx, heart, lung, gut etc - not normally conscious

General sensory - afferent inputs (eg touch, temperature, pain) from skin & mucous membranes

Special sensory – taste, smell, vision, hearing & balance

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2
Q

function of olfactory

A

sensory (smell)

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3
Q

function of optic

A

sensory (vision)

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4
Q

function of oculomotor

A

motor (eye movement)

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5
Q

function of trochlear

A

motor (eye movement)

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6
Q

function of trigeminal

A

mixed (sensation from face & mouth, muscles of mastication)

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7
Q

function of abducent?

A

motor (eye movement)

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8
Q

function of facial nerve

A

mixed (muscles of facial expression, parasymp, taste)

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9
Q

function of vestibulocochlear

A

sensory (hearing & balance)

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10
Q

function of glossopharyngeal

A

mixed ( swallowing, sensation from tongue, parasymp)

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11
Q

function of vagus nerve

A

mixed (muscles of throat, parasymp, visceral sensory)

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12
Q

function of accessory nerve

A

motor (soft palate, throat & neck)

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13
Q

function of hypoglossal nerve

A

motor (tongue)

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14
Q

whats the pathway of the olfactory nerve

A

receptors in olfactory epithelium of nasal cavity, olfactory nerve fibres pass through foraminifera in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone and enter olfactory bulb in the anterior cranial fossa

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15
Q

what are the components of olfactory nerve

A

special sensory - smell

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16
Q

what is the clinical application of the olfactory nerve

A

fractured cribriform plate may tear olfactory nerve fibres causing anosmia

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17
Q

what is the pathway of the optic nerve

A

enters via optic canal, nerves join to form optic chiasm, fibres from medial (nasal) half of each retina cross to form optic tract

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18
Q

what are the components of the optic nerve

A

special sensory - vision

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19
Q

clinical application of the optic nerve

A

increase in CSF pressure can cause papilloedema
section of right optic nerve causes blindness through right eye
section of optic chiasm causes loss of peripheral vision (bitemporal hemianopsia)
section of right optic tract causes blindness in left temporal and right nasal fields (left homonymous hemianopsia)

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20
Q

pathway of the oculomotor nerve

A

emerges from midbrain and exits via superior orbital fissure

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21
Q

what are the components of the oculomotor nerve?

A

somatic motor - extraocular muscles (superior, medial & inferior rectus and inferior oblique) and eyelid (levator palpebrae superioris)
autonomic motor - parasympathetic to pupil causing constriction and to ciliary muscle causing accommodation of the lens

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22
Q

what is the clinical application of the oculomotor nerve?

A

drooping of upper eyelid (ptosis)
eyeball abducted and pointing down
no pupillary reflex
no accommodation of the lens

23
Q

what is the pathway of the trochlear nerve

A

emerges from dorsal surface of the mid brain and exits via the superior orbital fissure

24
Q

what are the components of the trochlear

A

somatic motor - extraocular muscle (superior oblique turns eye downwards)

25
Q

what is the clinical application of the trochlear nerve

A

diplopia when looking down

26
Q

what is the pathway of the abducenet nerve

A

emerges between pons and medulla and exits exits via the superior orbital fissure

27
Q

what is the compinent of the abducent nerve

A

somatic motor - extraocular muscle (lateral rectus abducts the eye)

28
Q

what is the clinical application of the abducent nerve?

A

medial deviation of the affected eye causing diplopia

29
Q

what is the pathway of the trigeminal V1 nerve

A

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the superior orbital fissure

30
Q

what are the components of the trigemnial V1

A

General sensory - from cornea, forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and sinuses

31
Q

what is the pathway of the trigeminal V2 nerve

A

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen rotundum

32
Q

what is the component of the trigeminal V2 nerve

A

General sensory - from face over maxilla, maxillary teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinuses and palate

33
Q

what is the pathway of trigeminal V3 nerve

A

emerges from the pons, travels through the trigeminal ganglion and exits via the foramen ovale

34
Q

what is the components of the trigeminal V3 nerve

A

General sensory - from face over mandible, mandibular teeth, temperomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth & anterior 2/3rds of tongue
Somatic motor - muscles of mastication, part of digastric, tensor veli palatini & tensor tympani

35
Q

what is the clinical application of the trigeminal V3 nerve

A

paralysis of muscles of mastication
loss of corneal or sneezing reflex
loss of sensation in the face
trigeminal neuralgia

36
Q

what is the pathway of the facial nerve

A

emerges between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, facial canal and stylomastoid foramen

37
Q

what is the components of the facial nerve?

A

somatic motor - muscles of facial expression & scalp, stapedius of middle ear, part of digastric muscle

autonomic motor - parasympathetic innervation of submandibular & sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal glands, glands of nose & palate

special sensory - taste from anterior 2/3rd of tongue & soft palate

general sensory - from external acoustic meatus

38
Q

what is the clinical application of the facial nerve

A

most frequently injured - due to long pathway through bone

Bell’s palsy - cannot frown, close eyelid, or bare teeth

39
Q

what is the pathway of the vestibulocochlear

A

emerges from between pons and medulla and exits via internal acoustic meatus, dividing into vestibular & cochlear nerves

40
Q

what is the components of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

special sensory - vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle,

saccule gives sense of position & movement

hearing from spiral organ

41
Q

what is the clinical application of the vestibulocochlear nerve

A

tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
deafness (conductive vs sensorineural)
vertigo (loss of balance)
nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements)

42
Q

what is the pathway of the glossopharyngeal nerve

A

emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen

43
Q

what are the components of the glossopharyngeal nerve?

A

special sensory - taste from posterior 3rd of tongue

general sensory - cutaneous sensations from middle ear and posterior oral cavity

visceral sensory - sensation from carotid body & carotid sinus

autonomic motor - parasympathetic innervation of parotid gland

somatic motor - to stylopharyngeus, helps with swallowing

44
Q

what is the clinical applicaation of the glosspharyngeal nerve

A

loss of gag reflex and taste from back of tongue

associated with injuries to CNs X and XI - jugular foramen syndrome

45
Q

what is the pathway of the vagus nerve

A

emerges from medulla and exits via jugular foramen, then everywhere

46
Q

what are the components of the vagus nerve

A

special sensory - taste from epiglottis and palate

general sensory - sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus

visceral sensory - from pharnyx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, oesophagus, stomach, intestine

autonomic motor - parasympathetic innervation of muscle in bronchi, gut, heart
somatic motor - to pharynx, larynx, palate & oesophagus

47
Q

what are the clinical application of the vagus nerve

A

damage to pharyngeal branches cause difficulty in swallowing

damage to laryngeal branches causes difficulty in speaking

48
Q

what is the pathway of the accessory nerve?

A

small cranial (medulla)* and large spinal roots exit via jugular foramen

49
Q

what are the components of the accessory nerve

A

somatic motor - striated muscle of soft palate, pharynx & larynx, and to sternocleidomastoid & trapezius

50
Q

what is the clinical application of the accessory nerve?

A

weakness in turning head and shrugging shoulder

51
Q

what is the pathway for hypoglossal nerve?

A

emerges from medulla and exits through the hypoglossal canal

52
Q

what are the components of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

somatic motor - to muscles of tongue

53
Q

what are the clinical application of the hypoglossal nerve

A

vulnerable to damage during tonsillectomy

causes paralysis & atrophy of ipsilateral half of tongue. Tip deviates towards affected side

54
Q

overview of the nerves

A

Smell - Olfactory
Sight - Optic
Taste - Facial, Glossopharyngeal & Vagus
Hearing & Balance - Vestibulocochlear
Movement of the eyes - Oculomotor, Trochlear & Abducent
Accomodation of the eye – Oculomotor
Constriction of the pupil - Oculomotor
Movement of muscles in the face - Facial
Sensation from the face - Trigeminal
Chewing - Trigeminal (mandibular)
Swallowing - Glossopharyngeal & Accessory
Movement of the tongue - Hypoglossal
Movement of the vocal cords – Vagus
Movement of the neck - Accessory

systems- neuro- oc (51 decks)

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