common conditions of the eye Flashcards
where do optic vesicles grow?
outwards from diencephalic part of neural tube towards surface ectoderm.
whaat is conjunctivitis?
Self-limiting bacterial or viral infection of the conjunctiva.
symptoms of conjunctivitis?
Red, watering eyes, discharge +. No loss of vision as long as infection does not spread to cornea
treatment of conjunctivitis?
antibiotic eye drops if likely to be bacterial
what is a stye thats external called?
hordeolum externum
what is a stye that is internal called?
hordeolum internum
what is the treatment of styes?
warm compress, eyelid hygiene, may need surgical incision and curettage
wht is the histology of the cornea?
Epithelium – stratified squamous non-keratinised.
Bowman’s membrane (basement membrane of corneal epithelium)
Stroma – regularly arranged collagen, no blood vessels
Descemet’s layer
Endothelium – single layer (normal - 2500 cells/mm2)
whats the pathology of the cornea?
Inflammatory – eg: corneal ulcers
Non-inflammatory – eg: dystrophies
Corneal pathologies frequently lead to opacification of the cornea. This might need to be treated by corneal transplant - Keratoplasty
psthology of a corneal ulcer
Infectious - Viral/ bacterial/ fungal infection of cornea. Needs aggressive management to prevent spread, scarring.
Non-infectious ulcers due to trauma, corneal degenerations or dystrophy.
what are corneal dystrophies?
a group of genetic, often progressive, eye disorders in which abnormal material often accumulates in the clear
what are the different types of corneal dystrophies?
Bilateral Opacifying Non – inflammatory Mostly genetically determined. Sometimes due to accumulation of substances such as lipids within the cornea
what is the significance of the avascularity of the cornea?
benefit to surgeons when performing a graft surgery as it means there is a lesser chance of foreign antigens from a corneal graft being recognised by the recipient, so lesser chance of a graft rejection.
is there any lymphatics draining in the eyes/eyelids?
no
what are some common disease cinditions of the eye?
cataract glaucoma age-related macular degeneration diabetic retinopathy corneal opacities childhood blindness trachoma