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systems- neuro- oc > The Cerebral Hemispheresebral Hemispheres > Flashcards

The Cerebral Hemispheresebral Hemispheres Flashcards

1
Q

is the posterior part of the cerebral hemisphere sensory or motor?

A

sensory

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2
Q

is the anterior part of the cerebral hemisphere sensory or motor?

A

motor

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3
Q

function of the medial portion of the cerebral hemisphere

A

storage and retrieval of processed information

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4
Q

function of the precentral gyrus

A

Primary Motor cortex – somatotopic representation of contralateral half of body (motor homunculus)

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5
Q

function of the inferior frontal gyrus

A

Broca’s area of motor speech

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6
Q

function of the prefrontal cortex

A

cognitive functions of higher order- intellect,judgement, prediction,planning

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7
Q

function of the post central gyrus

A

Primary sensory area.Recieves general sensations from contralateral half of body. Somatotopic representation (sensory homunculus).

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8
Q

function of the superior parietal lobule

A

Interpretation of general sensory information (sensory association area) and conscious awareness of contralateral half of body.

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9
Q

function of the inferior parietal lobule

A

Interface between somatosensory cortex and visual and auditory association areas. In dominant hemisphere, contributes to language functions.

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10
Q

what happens when there is a parietal lobe lesion

A

hemisensory neglect
Right-left agnosia
Acalculia
Agraphia

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11
Q

what areas are present in the temporal lobe

A

Superior Temporal gyrus
Auditory association areas
Inferior surface

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12
Q

function of the superior temporal gyrus

A

Primary auditory cortex areas 41, 42

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13
Q

function of the auditory association areas

A

posterior to 41,42. In dominant hemisphere – Wernicke’s area. Crucial for understanding of spoken word. Has connections with other language areas.

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14
Q

function of the inferior surface of the temporal lobe

A

recieves fibres from olfactory tract – concious appreciation of smell.

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15
Q

what is on the medial surface of the occipitl lobe, on either side of the calcarine sulcus?

A

primary visual cortex

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16
Q

what is the majority of the occipital lobe?

A

visual association cortex, (areas 18,19) concerned with interpretation of visual images.

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17
Q

the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere has areas which together form…

A

functional limbic lobe

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18
Q

what is the function of the functional limbic lobe?

A

involved in memory and emotional aspects of behaviour

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19
Q

what does the limbic lobe include?

A

It includes the cingulate gyrus, the hippocampus (medial aspect of temporal lobe), parahippocampal gyrus, and the amygdala ( subcortical grey matter close to temporal pole)

20
Q

what are the language areas of the brain?

A

Broca’s area

Wernicke’s area

21
Q

what is the brocas area?

A

motor speech area

22
Q

what is the wernickes area?

A

auditory association area necessary for recognition of the spoken word. Is in the dominant hemisphere

23
Q

what is aphasia?

A

problem with speech due to damage to one or more speech areas in brain.

24
Q

what happens to the brain to someone with brocas aphasia

A

Understands speech Misses small words Aware of difficulties in speech

Damage to frontal lobe

Weakness/paralysis of one side of body

25
Q

what happens to someone with wernickes aphasia

A

Fluent speech, with new meaningless words, can’t understand speech, doesn’t know of mistakes

Damage to temporal lobe

No paralysis

26
Q

what are the three types of myelinated axon fibres bundled into tracts in white matter?

A

commisural fibres
association fibres
projection fibres

27
Q

function of commisural fibres

A

connect corresponding areas of the two hemispheres. (Corpus callosum)

28
Q

function of association fibres

A

connect one part of the cortex with the other. They may be short or long

29
Q

function of prjection fibres

A

run between the cerebral cortex and various subcortical centres. They pass through the corona radiata and the internal capsule.

30
Q

what is tractography?

A

technique that maps functional white matter tracts using data collected using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

31
Q

what is the internal capsule made up of?

A

projection fibres passing to and from the cerebral cortex

32
Q

function of the internal capsule

A

It derives blood supply from the middle cerebral artery and is frequently affected in a stroke.

33
Q

where do the subcortical neuclei lie?

A

deep within each cerebral hemisphere

34
Q

what is the basal ganglia made up of?

A

caudate nucleus, putamen and globus pallidus

35
Q

regarding basal ganglia:

which is the one with the tail?

A

caudate

36
Q

regarding basal ganglia:

what texture does the putamen have?

A

has a hard shell

37
Q

regarding basal ganglia:

what is the one with a pale globe?

A

Globus pallidus

38
Q

regarding basal ganglia:

The hard shell + the globe form a lens like structure. WHat is this called?

A

Lentiform nucleus

39
Q

regarding basal ganglia:

what is the black substance?

A

Substantia nigra (this lies in the midbrain!)

40
Q

what is lateral to the internal capsule?

A

lentiform nucleus made up of the putamen laterally and globus pallidus medially.

41
Q

what is lying in the wall of the lateral ventricle?

A

caudate nucleus

42
Q

what is lying beside the third ventricle?

A

thalamus (diencephalon)

43
Q

what is lateral to the caudate and thalamus?

A

internal capsule

44
Q

what is lateral to the internal capsule?

A

lentiform nucleus made up of the globus pallidus medially and putamen laterally

45
Q

what are the input regions of the basal ganglia?

A

caudate nucleus and the putamen are the ‘input regions’ receiving input from the motor cortex, premotor cortex, and from thalamus.

46
Q

what are the output regions of the basal ganglia?

A

globus pallidus and the substantia nigra.

47
Q

what is the function of the basal ganglia?

A

help regulate initiation and termination of movements.

Because they play a role in controlling the motor system they are often referred to as the “extrapyramidal system

systems- neuro- oc (51 decks)

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